【摘要】 延安时期,中共在陕甘宁边区以组织农业劳动互助的方式来培养农民集体主义的实践,成为20世纪以来中国农民思想意识现代化改造历程中的重要一页。1942年西北局高干会议之后,毛泽东、林伯渠等中共领导人提倡的对民间原有劳动互助形式(变工、扎工等)的利用和改造,在陕甘宁边区成功地建立起了集体劳动方式,进而促使边区农民摆脱封闭、自私的观念,初步养成集体主义和互助合作精神,并在发展边区农村文化教育、公共事业和转变社会风气等方面发挥了重要的作用。这一培养实践,为新中国成立后促进农民逐渐摆脱小生产者的局限,解决当代个体经济繁荣发展条件下农村公共事业的困境等问题提供了宝贵的经验和借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the Yanan era,the CPC organized various forms of mutual aid in farming to foster the sense of collectivism amid the peasants in the Shaan-Gan-Ning border area.This endeavor constituted an important page in the course of the ideological modernization of the Chinese peasants since the 20th century.After the senior leadership meeting of the Northwest Bureau in 1942,Mao Zedong,Lin Boqu and other Party leaders advocated that the existing mutual aid forms(such as exchange of labor or work exchange,etc.) should be employed and reformed.As a result,collective farming forms arose,which in turn,urged the local peasants to change their narrow and selfish mindset,fostered preliminarily a sense of collectivism and the spirit of mutual assistance and cooperation,and played an important role in promoting the progress of the rural society in various aspects,such as cultural education,public goods,and social morals.This practice has offered valuable experience and reference for helping Chinese peasants to get rid of the narrowness of small producers upon the founding of the Peopled Republic of China,and for solving the predicament in rural public goods amid the prosperity of individual economy in present times.更多还原