Objective:To examine the effects of estrogen deficiency on cognitive impairment and cerebral pathological changes in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice,as well as on the expression of estrogen receptor β(ERβ)and glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β),so as to clarify the molecular mechanisms of estrogen deficiency leading to Alzheimer's disease(AD). Methods:The 3-month-old APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group(AD-Sham)(n=10)and ovariectomized group(n=10),and age-matched wild...