【摘要】 为研究两系杂交旱稻优质育种中最佳的亲本选配。以两系不育系‘绿102S’、‘绿旱1S’为母本,耐旱中籼稻鉴定材料‘13NJ103’、‘13NJ108’、‘13NJ113’和‘13NJ114’为父本,采用不完全双列设计研究8个杂交旱稻组合的长宽比、垩白度、垩白粒率、直链淀粉、糊化温度、胶稠度6个主要米质性状的差异性、配合力和遗传力。结果表明,以长宽比为评判标准,母本‘绿旱1S’的米质达到1级标准,‘绿102S’达到2级标准,父本均为2级标准,杂交后代除了A1B3外,其他组合均为2级标准;以垩白度和垩白率比为评判标准,亲本只有‘绿旱1S’、‘13NJ103’和‘13NJ114’米质达到2级标准,且它们的杂交后代米质也达到2级标准;以直链淀粉为评判标准,所有亲本米质本均达到2级标准,并且后代A1B3达到1级标准。以相同母本与不同父本进行杂交,得到后代的长宽比绝大多数介于双亲之间,以相同父本‘13NJ108’与不同母本分进行杂交,得到后代的垩白粒率均达到100%,表现出超低亲分离现象,其他米质性状表现规律不一致;各米质性状的配合力方差均达到极显著水平;‘绿旱1S’、‘13NJ113’和‘13NJ114’在改良米质外观品质上具有一定的价值,‘绿102S’、‘13NJ113’和‘13NJ114’在改良米质蒸煮品质上具有一定的价值。遗传力结果表明,长宽比、直链淀粉含量和碱消值受基因型效应影响较大,受环境影响较小,而垩白度、垩白粒率和胶稠度受基因型效应影响较小,受环境影响较大。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study was conducted to determine the best parent selection for breeding high-quality two-line hybrid upland rice.The difference,combining ability and heritability of length-width ratio,chalkiness degree,chalky grain rate,amylose content,gelatinization temperature and gel consistency of eight combinations,which were generated using two two-line sterile lines‘Lv102S’ and ‘Lvhan 1S’ as the female parents,four droughttolerant indica lines ‘13NJ103’,‘13NJ108’,‘13NJ113’and‘13NJ114’as the male parents,were analyzed by incomplete diallele cross design.The results showed that,taking the length-width ratio as the standard,the grain quality of‘Lvhan 1S’reached primary standard of NY 20-1986,and that of ‘Lv102S’ and all male parents reached secondary standard,and that of all combinations except A1B3 reached secondary standard.Taking the chalkiness degree and chalky grain rate as the standards,the grain quality of only three parental lines ‘Lvhan 1S’,‘13NJ103’ and ‘13NJ114’ and their combinations reached secondary standard.Taking the amylose content as the standard,the grain quality of all parents reached secondary standard,and that of the combination A1B3 reached primary standard.The length-width ratio of most combinations generated from the same female parent and different male parents fell in between that of parents.The chalky grain rate of the combinations derived from the same male parent‘13NJ108’and different female parents was 100%,while the other traits of the combinations were not consistent.Variance analysis revealed that the difference of combining ability was extremely significant among the combinations.The results suggested that ‘Lvhan 1S’,‘13NJ113’ and ‘13NJ114’ held promising potential in improving the appearance quality of hybrid rice,while ‘Lv102S’ and ‘13NJ113’ and ‘13NJ114’ could be used as parents for breeding hybrid rice with high cooking quality.Genotype had great influence on length-width ratio,amylose content and alkali spreading value,and environment had great influence on chalkiness degree,chalky grain rate and gel consistency.更多还原