【摘要】 为了明确芒果寒(冻)害作物形态学受害等级与气象灾害等级之间的关系,划分气象灾害级别,并确定寒(冻)害低温指标。根据历史气候资料、芒果寒(冻)害灾情资料,以及2014/2015、2015/2016年冬季的地理移植试验和平行观测试验资料,芒果寒(冻)害形态学标准、气象灾害分级标准,采用数理统计和对比验证的方法,对芒果寒(冻)害调查时间、灾害等级划分标准及相应等级的低温指标进行了研究。结果表明:芒果寒(冻)害灾情实地调查一般应在冷空气过程或霜冻过程结束,气温逐渐回升后的7~14d内进行;轻度气象灾害对应的形态学受害标准为果树的枝叶,早生花穗出现受害症状,但不影响当年产量;中度受害为果树的枝叶和多数花穗受害,对当年甚至次年产量都有影响,小苗及幼龄树嫁接部分被冻死;重度受害为小苗及幼龄树被冻死,成龄树接穗以上部分或全部受害;严重受害成龄树死亡;低温指标分别为轻度受害0.5~2.0℃、中度受害-1.0~0.5℃、重度受害-2.5~-1.0℃、严重受害<-2.5℃。研究结果对于开展芒果寒(冻)害监测预警及风险评估业务具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to find out the relationship between the morphological damage grade and meteorological disaster grade of mango cold(frozen) crops,mango freezing damages are graded and the cold(freezing) and low temperature index are determined.Based on the historical climate data,mango cold(freezing) disaster data,data on winter geography test and parallel observation experiment of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016,the typical disaster investigation,mango cold(freezing) morphological classification standard,and meteorological disaster grading standards,using the methods of mathematical statistics and comparative verification,the investigation time of cold(frozen) damage of mango and the classification standard of disaster grade and the low temperature index are researched on.The study suggested that,the investigation of freezing and cold injury time is at the end of cold air or frost,and the temperature gradually rose after 7~14 days;the criterion of meteorological disaster grade correspond to morphological damage:mild disaster is mango leaves,early flower spike appear symptom,but does not affect the yield;moderate disaster is mango leaves and flowers of the year the majority of victims,even next year yield have affected seedlings and young trees grafted part was frozen to death;strong disaster is the seedlings and young trees of mango killed the adult tree scion above all or part of the victim;severely disaster is Mango adult trees froze;Indicator of low temperature were mild disaster 0.5~2.0℃,moderate disaster-1.0~0.5℃,strong disaster -2.5~-1.0℃,and severely disaster <-2.5℃.The research results can be used in the cold(freezing) damage monitoring and early warning and risk zoning of mango.更多还原