【摘要】 研究腐植酸与氮肥配施对冬小麦产量、氮素吸收及经济效益的影响,可为提高氮肥的增产效益,减少氮肥对生态环境的污染提供理论指导。在河南褐土区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作制度下,于2014年开始在河南省南阳市卧龙区开展田间定位试验,共设置单施磷钾肥、常规施肥、单施腐植酸、常规施肥+腐植酸、常规施肥减氮15%+腐植酸、常规施肥减氮30%+腐植酸6个处理,分析不同氮肥与腐植酸配施下冬小麦产量和氮肥利用的特征。结果表明,腐植酸与氮肥配施可以有效提高冬小麦的产量及其构成要素,促进植株对氮素的累积,提高氮肥利用率。其中,常规施肥减氮15%+腐植酸处理下冬小麦产量、籽粒氮含量、籽粒氮累积量、地上部总氮累积量、氮肥利用效率和纯收益均增加,与常规施肥相比,冬小麦产量增加4.96%,氮肥利用效率增加23.42%,纯收益增加2.18%。常规施肥减氮30%+腐植酸条件下冬小麦产值和收益降低。因此,在施用腐植酸的基础上,配施适量氮肥才能获得较高的产值和收益。常规施肥减氮15%+腐植酸是本研究区域最佳的施肥模式,对实现现代化农业生产的高产高效、资源节约和生态环境保护具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Studies on the effects of combined humic acid and nitrogen fertilizer application on nitrogen(N) uptake, utilization and yield of winter wheat can provide theoretical basis for increasing the productivity of N fertilizers and reducing N fertilizer pollution in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation cropping system. A field experiment was conducted in 2014 at Wolong District in Nanyang City, Henan Province, an area with a predominant winter wheat and summer maize rotation cropping system and drab soils. The experiment was consisted of 6 treatments — no N fertilizer(only P and K fertilizers), conventional fertilization(P and K fertilization with N application rate of 180 kg·hm?2), single humic acid(3 000 kg·hm?2), conventional fertilization plus humic acid, conventional fertilization with 15% less N plus humic acid and conventional fertilization with 30% less N plus humic acid. The characteristics of yield and N fertilizer utilization of winter wheat under different fertilization modes were analyzed. The results showed that combined application of humic acid and N fertilizers increased winter wheat yield, and promoted N accumulation and utilization rate. Among treatments, the treatment of conventional fertilization with 15% less N plus humic acid treatment had the best effects. Winter wheat yield, grain N content, grain N accumulation, aboveground total N accumulation, N use efficiency and net income increased. Compared with conventional fertilization, yield increased by 4.96%, N use efficiency by 23.42% and net income by 2.18%. However, the 30% less N treatment reduced winter wheat productivity and revenue. Thus, on the basis of the application of humic acid, the appropriate dose of N fertilizer was recommended to ensure high productivity and income. The conventional fertilization with 15% less N plus humic acid was the best fertilization mode in the study area. The results are beneficial for improving productivity efficiency of agricultural, resources and environmental protection.更多还原