【摘要】 脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)病毒(Poliovirus,PV)检测的主要目的是用于确定个体PV感染状况及提供急性弛缓性麻痹(Acute flaccid paralysis,AFP)病例的实验室诊断依据。PV检测方法主要有病毒分离法、血清中和试验(Neutralization test,NT)、型内鉴定方法 (Intratypic differentiation,ITD)和序列测定分析等。病毒分离法是使用人横纹肌肉瘤(Human rhabdomyosarcoma,RD)细胞和表达人类脊灰病毒受体的小鼠肺细胞系(Mouse cell line expressing the gene for the human cellular receptor for poliovirus,L20B)培养PV并进行分离;NT是用标准抗血清对标本中分离到的病毒株进行中和,从而判断PV的血清型;ITD是用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法鉴定PV的血清型和基因型;序列测定分析方法是通过软件对PV的测序结果进行分析,了解其基因突变及流行、进化情况。本文分别从各种方法的背景、原理、类型、技术优点、实验条件和主要影响因素、应用前景以及存在的不足等方面进行综述和比较分析。检测方法的研究对脊灰的诊断和防控具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The main purpose of poliovirus(PV) detection is to identify PV infection of individuals and to provide laboratory diagnosis of acute flaccid paralysis(AFP).PV detection methods include virus isolation,serological neutralization test(NT),intratypic differentiation(ITD),and sequence analysis.Virus isolation uses human rhabdomyosarcoma(RD) cell and mouse cell lines expressing the gene for the human cell receptor for poliovirus(L20B) to culture and isolate PV;NT uses standard antiserum to neutralize virus strains isolated from samples for determining PV serotypes;ITD uses real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR to identify PV serotypes and genotypes;sequence analysis uses a software to analyze the PV sequence to determine gene mutation,epidemics and evolution.In this paper,we reviewed and compared backgrounds,principles,types,technical advantages,experimental conditions,and the main influencing factors,application prospects,and deficiencies of all detection methods.Research on detection methods is of a great importance for diagnosis,prevention,and eradication of poliomyelitis.更多还原