【摘要】 为了推动中国公路桥梁检测和评价技术的进步,对桥梁结构检测、评价技术的现状及发展进行了综述。介绍了桥梁外观损伤、内部缺陷以及几何与力学特性的检测原理、内容和方法,对PC桥梁预应力综合检测技术的现状进行了重点评述;同时,总结了在役RC桥梁、PC桥梁安全性评价方法以及钢桥疲劳寿命评价的最新研究进展。综合分析表明:在桥梁检测技术方面,智能化无损检测是桥梁检测的发展方向,尤其是以图像识别技术、声波CT技术等为代表的智能检测技术在桥梁外观损伤、内部缺陷检测中的应用越来越广泛;而以预应力定位、锈蚀、压浆密实度和钢束张力为特征的预应力综合检测技术,可为在役预应力混凝土承载力评价提供重要手段;在混凝土桥梁评价技术方面,以裂缝特征、有效预应力状况为特征的混凝土桥梁损伤评价方法;为大量在役损伤混凝土桥梁的安全性量化评价提供了可能;在钢桥疲劳寿命评价方面,基于疲劳构造细节S-N曲线的名义应力法仍是钢桥疲劳评价的主要方法,但基于现代裂纹检测手段的断裂力学方法已成为今后钢桥疲劳寿命评价的热点。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to improve the technology of highway bridge inspection and evaluation in China,the current situations and trends of structure inspection and condition assessment of bridges were summarized.Damage of the appearance of the bridge,internal defects,principles ofinspection of geometry and mechanical characteristics,content and methods of inspection were analyzed in detail.Meanwhile,current situations of the comprehensive inspection technology of prestressed force for PC bridges were commented.Meanwhile,the methods for safety evaluation of in-service RC bridges and PC bridges were summarized,with a summary of the latest research results of the evaluation of fatigue life capability for steel bridge.The comprehensive analyses show that,the intelligent nondestructive testing is the development trend of bridge inspection technology.The intelligent inspection technologies,such as image recognition and sonic CT technology,are widely applied to the inspection of damage of the bridge appearance and internal defects. Comprehensive prestressed inspection technology characterized by prestressed positioning,corrosion,grouting compactness and the tension of prestressed tendon provides a significant method to evaluate the bearing capacity of in-service prestressed concrete.As for the evaluation technology of concrete bridge,the concrete bridge damage evaluation method featured by crack properties,and prestressed condition extends the possibility of quantitative evaluations for the safety of in-service damaged concrete bridge.Finally,in the evaluation of the fatigue life capability of the steel bridge,the nominal stress method based on S-N curve of structural fatigue detail is the major method for evaluation.Whereas,the fracture mechanics method featured on the modern crack detection technology is promising in the evaluation of the fatigue life capability of the steel bridge.更多还原