【摘要】 文章主要讨论疑问代词"谁"的虚指意义和否定意义的形成机制。文章尝试证明虚指用法的"谁"字句通过不确定性陈述语气,来消除疑问代词"谁"的询问意义,但是保留了它的预设意义"存在着某些个人",从而使虚指用法的"谁"表示"不能确定一定存在的某些个人"。而否定用法的"谁"字句通过质疑和反驳等反问语气,在"疑有信无"原则的指导下,不仅消除了疑问代词"谁"的询问意义,而且消除了它的预设意义"存在着某些个人",从而使否定用法的"谁"表示"确定不存在的某些个人"。最后,文章还分析了"谁让我小呢?"之类特殊句式的意义,说明它跟一般的"谁"类反问句在语义解释上具有一致性。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper focuses on the semantic mechanism for the emergence of the indefinite sense and disapprobatory sense(i. e.,negative meaning) in the Chinese interrogative pronoun "shui"(谁). The study attempts to testify that,because of the indeterminate declarative mood,its meaning of presupposition "some individual does exist" is retained though its interrogative meaning is transformed into an non-specific reference. As a result,the non-specific-referential shui has come to means"an individual that definitely does not exist". Based on the social-psychological principle of "doubting yes and believing no",however,if the shuisentence is used as rhetorical question(i. e.,asking a question in reply) for doubting and disputing or refuting and disapproving,then either its interrogative meaning or the presupposed meaning is absent. In this case,shui has a negative meaning showing,"an individual that definitely does not exist". Additionally,the paper also explores,particular sentence patterns such as "shui rang wo xiao ne"(谁让我小呢) and holds that the mechanism of their semantic interpretation is in congruence with that of the general rhetorical questions introduced by shui.更多还原