【摘要】 采用混合实验设计,结合行为和眼动数据,探讨任务规律性对前瞻记忆的影响。行为结果显示规律已知条件下前瞻记忆成绩显著高于规律未知和无规律条件,规律未知条件下的前瞻记忆成绩在靶线索之后刺激上有高于无规律条件的趋势;眼动结果显示规律已知条件下的注视点最多,首次注视时间最长。结果说明:(1)任务规律性对前瞻记忆成绩具有促进作用;(2)任务规律性促进了对前瞻记忆任务的自动化加工;(3)在规律已知条件下前瞻记忆的加工过程呈现出动态交替的特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Prospective memory represents the ability of remembering to carry out an intended action in the future.In a typical prospective memory experiment,participants are required to engage in two tasks: the ongoing task and prospective task.According to the nature of the prospective memory cues,there are two types of prospective memory: time-based and event-based prospective memory.There are two kinds of processes that can support prospective memory: preparatory attentional processes and memory processes theory(PAM) and multiple processes theory.The PAM assumes that prospective memory retrieval requires resource-demanding preparatory attentional processes,whereas the multiple process theory assumes that retrieval can also occur spontaneously.Dynamic Multi-process theory is a new view that explains the mechanism of prospective memory,which holds that prospective memory is a dynamic process.According to the regularity of prospective memory,there are also two types of prospective memory: regular prospective memory and irregular prospective memory.Lots of researchers had indicated that regular prospective memory could effectively improve prospective memory results.But those studies did not rule out the possibility of practice effects.Therefore,in the case of the possibility of practice effects,we explored the effect and mechanism of regular prospective memory.Some researchers argued that the knowing ability of execution situation may affect prospective memory.Therefore,we separated regular prospective memory into two conditions: one was that we knew the regularities,and the other was the complete opposite.Our aim was to specifically and deeply explore the effect and mechanism of regular prospective memory.In addition,we employed a new eye-tracking paradigm to concretely investigate the impact of regular environmental cues within a visual prospective memory task.Experiments were programmed by Experiment Builder.The present study adopted a single factor design.A total of 53 college students(18 no regularity,17 unknown regularity,18 known regularity) participated in the experiment.Participants were asked to respond by pressing the key(A or B),but when meeting the prospective memory cues they should press the specified key(C).The hypothesis was that both the accuracy and the reaction speed of regular prospective memory(including unknown regularity and known regularity) were better than irregular prospective memory.During the course of experiments,an ongoing task and a PM task were done simultaneously by participants.Participants’ behavioral data and eye-movement data were recorded by the computer automatically.The results showed that both the accuracy and the reaction speed of regular prospective memory were better than irregular prospective when the execution situation was known.But there was no difference when the regular situation was unknown.The eye-movement data showed that participants tend to pay more attention to prospective memory cues and regular situation when regular situation was known.The cognitive resources limitation model argued that cognitive resources were limited.According to situation,participants could allocate the cognitive resources in a flexible style.When the regular situation was known,participants could make a plan in the light of whether the regular situation would appear.When regular cues were not presented,they did not allocate much more cognitive resources to prospective memory tasks.However,when regular situation was coming,they would pay more attrition to prospective memory cues.更多还原