【摘要】 采用线索Go/Nogo任务,运用ERPs技术考察了老年人和青年人在自动化情绪调节上的差异。ERPs结果显示:⑴愉快面孔比中性面孔诱发的Go-N2波幅较小,潜伏期较短;Nogo-P3波幅较大,潜伏期较短,表明情绪面孔比中性面孔更能吸引注意;⑵在愉快面孔上,老年组比青年组的Go/Nogo-P3波幅大、潜伏期差异不显著;在悲伤面孔上,老年组比青年组的Go/Nogo-P3波幅大,Nogo-P3潜伏期长,说明老年组比青年组更加抑制对悲伤面孔的反应,老年人在自动化情绪调节中表现出一定程度的积极效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to investigate whether there is automatic emotion regulation(AER) in a cued Go/Nogo task and whether there is any positive effect in AER, the present study used the event-related potentials(ERPs) technique to study the aging effect of AER in judging the gender of emotional faces in an emotional cued Go/Nogo task.Participants(12 right-handed older adults and 12 right-handed younger adults) were asked to discriminate the gender of a happy, neutral, or sad face presented at the center of the computer screen. These emotional faces were selected from IAPS(International Affective Picture System, IAPS). Based on previous studies, the N2 and P3 components of the subset of sites including frontal(F3, FZ, F4), frontal-central(FC3, FCZ, FC4) and central(C3, CZ, C4) electrode sites were assessed. The peak amplitudes and latencies were measured automatically between 250 ms and 350 ms and between 350 ms and 700 ms for the N2 and P3, respectively. For each stimulus type, repeated ANOVA was used to analyze these measures.Behavioral results showed that the interaction of emotional type and group did not reach significant level in both Go and Nogo trials(accuracy: p >.05; reaction time: p >.05), which indicated that when participants respectively responded to happy, neutral and sad faces, there were no differences in terms of accuracy and reaction time. Thus, accuracy and reaction time were not effective indices that could be used to discern age differences in AER. The ERPs results showed:(1) the Go-N2 amplitudes and latencies following happy and sad faces decreased more than those following neutral faces(amplitudes: p <.001; latencies: p <.001). Moreover, happy and sad faces prompted higher Nogo-P3 amplitudes and shorter Nogo-P3 latencies than neutral faces(amplitudes: p <.001; latencies: p <.001). These results indicated that emotional faces attracted more attention than neutral faces. Both Go-N2 and Nogo-P3 could be used as electrophysiological indices of AER.(2) In reaction to happy faces, the older group had higher Go/Nogo-P3 amplitudes than the younger group(p <.001); however, age differences in Go/Nogo-P3 latencies were not significant(p >.05). Conversely, the older group had higher Go/Nogo-P3 amplitudes and longer latencies than the younger group in reaction to sad faces(amplitudes: p <.001; latencies: p <.05), which showed that it was easier for the older group to inhibit the automatic response to negative stimuli. In sum, these results suggested that there was AER in the emotionally cued Go/Nogo tasks and there was a positive effect in older adults to some extent when they regulated emotions automatically. The ERPs had an advantage in studying AER. The present study provides an evident support to the positive effect in AER from the perspective of ERPs. Future research can explore the theoretical basis to further investigate the aging effect of AER and its mechanism.更多还原