【摘要】 为明确不同品种苹果对苹果霉心病的抗性差异以及不同防御酶在苹果防御霉心病过程中的作用,田间调查研究不同苹果品种的霉心病发病率,同时室内创伤接种测定不同苹果品种接种霉心病2种致病菌链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)和粉红单端孢菌(Trichothecium roseum)后的发病面积以及果实防御酶活性的变化。结果表明:田间自然条件下不同苹果品种霉心病发病率不同,顺序为‘嘎啦’、不套袋‘金冠’<套袋‘金冠’<套袋‘红富士’<不套袋‘红星’。套袋后‘金冠’苹果的萼筒开张率升高,霉心病的发病率与苹果萼筒开张率呈显著正相关。室内接种链格孢菌后‘嘎啦’的发病面积最小,‘红星’次之,‘金冠’再次,而‘红富士’最易感病,发病面积最大;接种粉红单端孢菌后‘金冠’最为抗病,发病面积最小,‘嘎啦’和‘红星’次之,而‘红富士’发病面积最大。接种链格孢菌后不同品种的罹病组织中,‘嘎啦’的过氧化物酶(POD)活性最高,其次为‘金冠’,然后为‘红星’,最低的是‘红富士’。接种粉红单端孢菌后,不同品种的病健交界部的POD活性‘嘎啦’>‘金冠’>‘红富士’和‘红星’。不同苹果品种接种粉红单端孢菌和链格孢菌后果实不同部位多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性相对于各自对照均明显升高,但是不同品种增加幅度的顺序为‘嘎啦’>‘金冠’>‘红星’>‘红富士’。‘嘎啦’、‘金冠’以及‘红星’苹果接种粉红单端孢菌和链格孢菌后过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性相对于对照显著降低,而‘红富士’果实接种2种致病菌后CAT活性升高。上述结果表明,苹果霉心病的发病率与萼筒开张率呈显著正相关,套袋会导致果实萼筒开张率增大。‘嘎啦’对链格孢菌抗性最强,‘金冠’对粉红单端孢菌抗性最强,‘红富士’对2种病原菌的均表现为最易感病。POD、PPO以及CAT在苹果防御霉心病过程中起着重要的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 To estimate the resistance of different apple varieties against apple moldy core and the role ofdefense enzymes in apple against the disease,the incidence of moldy core of different apple varieties wasinvestigated in field.The infected area and changes of defense enzymes’ activities of different apple varietiesafter inoculation with A.alternata and T.roseum were studied.In field,the moldy core incidence of different apple varieties was different,the order was‘Gala’,non-bagged‘Golden Delicious’ <bagged‘GoldenDelicious’ <bagged‘Red Fuji’<non-bagged‘Starking’.After bagging,the opening rate of the calyx tube of‘Golden Delicious’ increased,and the incidence of moldy core was significantly and positively correlated withthe opening rate of calyx tube.After inoculated with A.alternata,the infected area of‘Gala’was the smallest,followed by that of‘Golden Delicious’ and‘Starking’,and‘Red Fuji’was the most susceptible variety andthe area of infection was the largest.After inoculated with T.roseum,‘Golden Delicious’ showed the strongestresistance,the infected area was the smallest,followed by‘Gala’,‘Starking’,and‘Red Fuji’had the largestinfected area.The activities of peroxidase in the diseased tissues of different apple varieties were different afterinoculated with A.alternata,that of‘Gala’was the highest,followed by that of‘Golden Delicious’ and‘Starking’,and the lowest was found in‘Red Fuji’.After inoculation of T.roseum,the activity of peroxidase inthe boundary between diseased and healthy areas of different apple varieties was in the order of‘Gala’>‘Golden Delicious’ >‘Red Fuji’and‘Starking’.The activity of polyphenol oxidase(PPO) of different applevarieties significantly increased after inoculation with T.roseum and A.alternate,the order of increase ofdifferent varieties was‘Gala’>‘Golden Delicious’ >‘Starking’>‘Red Fuji’.The CAT activity of‘Gala’,‘Golden Delicious’ and‘Starking’was significantly inhibited after inoculation with T.roseum and A.alternata,while the CAT activity of‘Red Fuji’increased after inoculation with both pathogens.The aboveresults showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between the incidence of apple moldy core andthe opening rate of calyx tube.Bagging could lead to an increase in the opening rate of fruit calyx tube.‘Gala’had the strongest resistance to A.alternata,while‘Golden Delicious’ had the strongest resistance to T.roseum.‘Red Fuji’was the most susceptible variety to both pathogens.POD,PPO and CAT played an important role inthe process of moldy core defense.更多还原