【摘要】 背景:以往常利用二维平片、石膏模型等方法测量上颌快速扩弓矫治后颌骨及气道的变化,但存在失真、片面、重叠等缺陷,锥体束CT的出现实现了颌骨及气道的三维重建及测量并有效避免了以上问题。目的:利用锥体束CT和Dolphin软件观察生长发育期上颌宽度不足患者经上颌快速扩弓治疗后鼻上颌骨复合体及上气道形态的改变。方法:选择上颌宽度发育不足生长发育期错畸形患者30例,采用上颌快速扩弓治疗,所有患者矫治前后均拍摄锥体束CT,用Dolphin软件进行图像处理、三维重建、定点及测量分析,评价矫治前后患者鼻牙颌及上气道形态的变化。结果与结论:(1)治疗后鼻腔宽度增加(2.13±1.80)mm,上颌骨宽度增加(4.12±2.15)mm,矫治前后差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);(2)治疗后硬腭平面气道冠状径增加(3.30±2.56)mm,面积增加(75.37±53.92)mm,矫治前后差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),而矢状径无明显变化;(3)治疗后鼻咽部气道表面积增加(33.57±57.10)mm2,体积增加(1 009.59±1 350.91)mm3,矫治前后差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05);(4)腭咽及舌咽气道表面积及体积无明显变化,各段气道高度无明显变化;(5)说明生长发育期上颌牙弓狭窄患者经上颌快速扩弓治疗后,鼻上颌复合体增宽,鼻咽体积及表面积增大,口咽段及喉咽段气道无明显变化。更多还原

【Abstract】 BACKGROUND: Two-dimensional radiographs and plaster models are used to evaluate the changes in the maxillary bone and airway after rapid maxillary expansion, but the shortcomings like distortion, one-sidedness, and overlapping appear. Cone-beam CT can effectively solve the above problems and achieve the three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement of the maxillary bone and airway.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphological changes of nasomaxillary complex and upper airway in adolescent patients with malocclusion after rapid maxillary expansion by cone-beam CT and Dolphin software. METHODS: Thirty adolescent patients with malocclusion were enrolled to receive rapid maxillary expansion. All patients underwent cone-beam CT examination before and after treatment, and Dolphin software was used for image processing, three-dimensional reconstruction, fixed point and measurement, to evaluate the morphological changes of the nasomaxillary complex and upper airway. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After treatment, the nasal cavity and maxillary width was increased by(2.13±1.80) and(4.12±2.15) mm, respectively(P < 0.05); the coronal diameter and area of the airway on the hard plate was increased by(3.30±2056) mm and(75.37±53.92) mm2, respectively(P < 0.05), and all above indexes showed significant difference compared with baseline. While the sagittal diameter of the airway on the hard plate showed no significant changes. After treatment, the upper airway showed a significant increase in the area and volume at the nasopharynx, which was increase by(33.57±57.10) mm2 and(1 009.59±1 350.91) mm3, respectively(P < 0.05). The upper airway showed no significant changes in the area and volume at the velopharynx and glossopharynx, as well as the height at each part. To conclude, in the growing patients with malocclusion after rapid maxillary expansion, the nasomaxillary complex and area and volume of upper airway at the nasopharynx showed a significant increase, but the airway at the velopharynx and glossopharynx reveal no significant changes.更多还原