【摘要】 背景:腕舟状骨由于其形态不规则且和腕关节相邻诸骨部分重叠,故对腕舟状骨骨折的诊断及治疗带来很大困难,究竟哪种影像学检查方法对腕舟状骨骨折的诊断率最高、哪种手术入路对舟状骨骨折愈合影响最小目前学术界尚存在不少争议。目的:综述目前腕舟状骨骨折的影像学检查及手术入路方面的研究进展。方法:由第一作者用中国期刊全文数据库和PubM ed数据库,检索时间:2005至2015年,检索词分别为"腕舟状骨"、"骨折"、"影像学"、"手术入路"和"scaphodl bone"、"fracture"、"iconography"、"surgical approach",语言分别设定为中文和英文。纳入腕舟状骨骨折的影像学检查及手术入路相关的研究,排除陈旧及重复的文献,共检索到3 021篇文章,按纳入标准对文献进行筛选,共纳入24篇文章进行综述分析。结果与结论:(1)腕舟状骨骨折腕关节旋前60°和旋后45°、斜位片及侧位这4种体位可以从不同角度显示腕舟状骨,具有较好的互补作用,可以作为评价腕舟状骨骨折较为理想的X射线检查体位,从而提高诊断的准确性。现阶段采用CT检查最可靠也最直观,但是CT检查尚缺少一些精确的量化参数来判断腕舟状骨骨折,尤其对微小的骨折来说更是如此。MRI不仅能很好地评价腕舟状骨结构的完整性,更重要的是能准确地反映腕舟状骨的血液灌注情况。采用核素骨扫描比反复进行X射线检查或CT检查的准确率更高;(2)目前文献报道的腕舟状骨骨折手术入路包括掌侧入路、背侧入路、桡腕侧入路等,但尚无一种公认的理想手术入路;(3)综合文献报道,较为理想的舟状骨骨折手术入路应能满足6个条件:能方便地显露舟状骨、便于骨折复位、尽可能少破坏舟状骨的残余血供、便于确定舟状骨长轴以便内固定器材的植入、微创化、总体手术过程简便易行,目前上述手术入路仍难以完全满足这6个条件,有待于临床上进一步探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 BACKGROUND: Because of scaphoid irregular shape and the wrist joint and adjacent bones overlap, so the diagnosis and treatment of scaphoid fracture and treatment became so difficult. Which imaging methods hold highest diagnosis rate, and which kind of surgical approaches with less impact on fracture healing are still under discussion. OBJECTIVE: To review the imaging examinations of scaphoid fracture and the research advance in surgical approaches. METHODS: The first author retrieved CJFD and Pub Med databases for the literature addressing the imaging examinations and surgical approaches of scaphoid fracture published from 2005 to 2015 with the keywords of "scaphodl bone, fracture, iconography, surgical approach" in Chinese and English, respectively. The old and repetitive articles were excluded, totally 3 021 articles were retrieved. In accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 24 eligible articles were included for result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The wrist joint at positions of pronation 60°, supination 45°, oblique and lateral can reveal the scaphoid from different angles on X-ray, which improves the diagnosis rate. At present, CT is the most reliable method, but there is a lack of quantization parameter for evaluating scaphoid fracture, especially for occult fracture. MRI can completely show the structure of scaphoid, even blood supply. Bone scintigraphy possesses a higher diagnosis rate than X-ray and CT examinations.(2) The surgical approaches of scaphoid fracture include volar, dorsal, radiocarpa approaches, but none is ideal.(3) The ideal surgical approach still needs a in-depth study, which can well reveal the scaphoid, achieve good reduction, reduce the damage to the remaining blood supply, confirm the position of scaphoid benifical for internal fixator implantation, and can be minimally invasive and easy to operate.更多还原