【摘要】 根据2011-2015年间春夏季对上海市淀山湖水域中pH、水温、溶解氧、总氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、总氮及总磷等环境因子的调查结果,分析水体中氮磷变化特征及营养盐限制状态,采用综合营养状态指数法对水体富营养化现状进行评价,利用数学模型估算淀山湖主要特征污染物的环境容量。结果表明:调查期间TN、TP春季与夏季存在显著差异,除2014年TP季节规律不明显外,春季TN、TP含量显著高于同年夏季;淀山湖三态氮含量排序,NO₃^-—N含量最高,TAN其次,NO-2—N最低,淀山湖水域三态氮基本达到热力学平衡;氮磷Pearson相关性分析表明湖库整体呈氧化性环境,氮磷补给具有异源性。根据水中营养物限制性分类标准分析得出,大多数情况下淀山湖水域氮磷比例合理,少数情况下营养盐限制状态以磷限制为主,氮磷限制状态交替存在的情况,可能会对浮游植物生长和群落演替产生影响。综合营养状态指数法计算结果表明调查期间淀山湖均处于富营养化状态,其中2014年之前基本处于中度富营养化状态,2014年以后处于轻度富营养化状态。环境容量分析表明除2014年夏季CODMn外,调查期间淀山湖水体CODMn、TN及TP的污染负荷现状均大于同期保护目标要求的水环境容量,为达到水环境保护的目标,需要进行不同程度的削减。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper,the variation features of nitrogen and phosphorus,and the state of nutrient limitation were analyzed based on the survey results of environmental factors such as p H,water temperature,dissolved oxygen,total ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,total nitrogen and total phosphorus in Dianshan lake waters of Shanghai during spring and summer of 2011-2015. Eutrophic status of the lake was also assessed by integrated index. Then mathematical model was chosen for calculation of water environmental capacity of the main pollutants of Dianshan lake. The results showed that there was a significant difference between TN and TP in the spring and summer during the survey period,and the concentration of TN and TP in spring was significantly higher than in summer except 2014. During the whole survey the highest content of NO₃^--N was found in Dianshan Lake,Followed by TAN. NO-2-N was the lowest,and three forms of nitrogen had reached thermodynamic equilibrium. Correlation analysis showed that Dianshan Lake was in the oxidation environment and the nitrogen and phosphorus supplies were heterogeneous. Distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus was reasonable in most cases and state of nutrient limitation was given priority to phosphorus limitation according to the analysis by water nutrient restriction classification standard. The alternate existence of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation might be having an influence on phytoplankton growth and community succession. During the whole survey Dianshan Lake was in the state of eutrophication,and the lake was under the moderate eutrophication statusbefore 2014,while under the light eutrophication status after 2014. The pollution load of CODMnTN and TP exceeded the target environmental capacity of Dianshan lake except CODMnin summer of 2014. To fulfill the protecting target of hydrological environment of Dianshan Lake,the recharging amount of CODMnTN and TP should be reduced to some extent.更多还原