【摘要】 为研究采暖季不同结构城市绿地对大气中PM_2.5和PM₁₀的调控作用及其与气象因子的关系,于2015年11月—2016年4月,选择滞尘效果较好的4种类型城市绿地和对照点,于07:00—21:00每隔2 h在4种绿地的中心位置同步观测其内部PM_2.5、PM₁₀、温度、相对湿度、风速以及光照强度,对比分析绿地内颗粒物质量浓度差异以及不同绿地类型对消减PM_2.5和PM₁₀的作用。结果表明:采暖期4种结构城市绿地内PM_2.5日均值大小表现为CK(112μg?m^-3)>乔灌草(108μg?m^-3)>大阔叶乔草(107μg?m^-3)>小阔叶乔草(106μg?m^-3)>针叶乔草(100μg?m^-3),PM₁₀为CK(23μg?m^-3)>乔灌草(226μg?m^-3)>小阔叶乔草(224μg?m^-3)>大阔叶乔草(223μg?m^-3)﹥针叶乔草(211μg?m^-3),CK内PM_2.5和PM₁₀质量浓度显著高于其他绿地类型（P<0.05）;PM_2.5和PM₁₀小时均值变化区间分别为81¹33μg?m^-3和170²78μg?m^-3,两者呈极显著相关（P<0.01）,都在09:00左右达到峰值,15:00左右达到最低值,而后至21:00一直呈上升趋势;采暖期PM_2.5和PM₁₀月均值稳步上升,但受大范围气象因素影响显著;观测期间,对PM_2.5和PM₁₀平均消减率按大小排序为针叶乔草>乔灌草>小阔叶乔草>大阔叶乔草,且针叶乔草的消减率显著高于其他绿地类型（P<0.05）;4种结构城市绿地对PM_2.5和PM₁₀的消减率都与温度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,仅有PM_2.5的消减率与湿度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,与风速和光照相关性不显著。在城区绿地建设中,可加大针叶乔木的配置以降低大气颗粒物质量浓度。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study how urban green spaces of different structures regulate PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ and its relationship with meteorological factors in heating season, from November 2015 to April 2016, four kinds of dusk-blocking urban green spaces with control groups were selected to monitor their PM_2.5, PM₁₀, temperature, humidity, wind speed, light intensity every two hours from 07:00 to 21:00 in the central positions of four green spaces simultaneously. Then the particulate mass concentrations of different green space types with their reduction effects on PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were compared and analyzed. The regulation of four kinds of urban green space on PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ and its relationship with main environmental factors were compared and analyzed. It was suggested that in heating season, daily mean values of the PM_2.5 were sorted: CK(112 μg?m^-3)>Arbor-shrub-herb(108 μg?m^-3)> Big-deciduous-herb(107 μg?m^-3)>Little-deciduous-herb(106 μg?m^-3)>Conifer-herb(100 μg?m^-3) and those of the PM₁₀ were sorted:(CK(235 μg?m^-3)>Arbor-shrub-herb(226 μg?m^-3)>Little-deciduous-herb(224 μg?m^-3)>Big-deciduous-herb(223 μg?m^-3)> Conifer(211 μg?m^-3)). The value of the PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in CK was obviously larger than the others（P<0.05）, The mean values of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ at an interval of 2 h ranged from 81 to 133 μg?m^-3 and 170 to 278 μg?m^-3 respectively, presenting an extremely remarkable correlativity（P<0.01）, both of which reached the peak around 09:00 and the lowest value at about 15:00, then showing an increase trend till 21:00. After heating started, monthly mean values of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ rose steadily, yet significantly affected by large-scale meteorological factors. There were no significant differences among the daily mean values of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in four kinds of urban green spaces, of which the average reduction rates were sorted by size: Conifer-herb>Arbor-shrub-herb> Big-deciduous-herb>Little-deciduous-herb. Besides, the reduction rate of Conifer-herb exceeded those of other green space types remarkably. The reduction rates of the four green spaces on PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ had a significant negative correlation with the temperature（P<0.05）. Only the reduction rate of PM_2.5 was positively correlated with humility to a remarkable extent（P<0.05）, and its correlation with wind speed and light was not obvious. In the urban green space construction, the configuration of coniferous trees can be increased to reduce the mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter.更多还原