【摘要】 红树林是海岸的特有植被类型,研究其物种多样性与空间分布,对红树林的恢复与保护具有重要意义。本文以南沙湿地公园红树林为典型案例,采用遥感影像解译和样方调查的方法,对红树林物种多样性、群落特征与空间分布格局进行研究。结果表明:(1)南沙湿地公园红树林物种多样性指数高于其他与之纬度相近的红树林群落;(2)以无瓣海桑Sonneratia apetala Buch-Ham.、桐花树Aegiceras corniculatum(L.)Blanco.、黄槿Hibiscus tiliaceus L.和芦苇Phragmites australis(Cav.)Trin.ex Steud.为优势种;(3)主要的群落类型为无瓣海桑群落、黄槿群落和芦苇群落等3种,总面积百分比达86.72%,无瓣海桑群落和黄槿群落面积占比分别为41.13%和36.44%,成为红树林的绝对优势群落;(4)红树林群落在空间上呈聚集态分布,聚集度最高的是无瓣海桑群落,其次是黄槿群落,面积占比最低的是木榄群落;(5)引进种无瓣海桑,发展态势好,抑制了乡土种红树植物生长。建议扩种白骨壤Avicennia marina(Forsk.)Vierh.、桐花树和秋茄Kandelia candel(L.)Druce.,扩大其斑块面积,以提升乡土红树植物群落的稳定性,达到有效保护红树林的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The mangrove is a unique vegetation type along the coast, and its species diversity and spatial distribution are studied. This is of great significance to the restoration and protection of the mangrove forests. In this paper, the mangrove forest in the Nansha Wetland Park is a typical case and the species diversity, community characteristics and spatial distribution of the mangrove forests are studied by means of remote sensing image interpretation and quadratic surveys. The results showed that,(1) The mangrove species diversity index of the Nansha wetland park was higher than that of the mangrove community at a similar latitude.(2) The dominant species were Sonneratia apetala, Aegiceras corniculatum, Hibiscus tiliaceus and Phragmites australis.(3) The main community types were Sonneratia apetala community, Hibiscus tiliaceus community and Phragmites australis community, with a percentage of the total area of 86.72%. The area of the Sonneratia apetala community was 41.13% and the area of Hibiscus tiliaceus community was 36.44%. The two communities lead to become the absolute dominant of the mangrove community.(4) The spatial distribution of mangrove community was aggregated. The highest aggregation of the mangrove community was Sonneratia apetala community, followed by Hibiscus tiliaceus community, the lowest was Bruguiera gymnorrhiza community.(5)Through the introduction of the species Sonneratia apetala we saw it was good at growing and limited the local mangrove of growing. It is suggested to expand Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum and Kandelia candel, and therefore increase the plaque area to enhance the stability of the local mangrove community and effectively protect the mangrove.更多还原