【摘要】 采用田间试验,以当地常规施肥和灌溉为对照（CK）,研究了减量施用氮、磷肥条件下,稻田湿地生态系统对池塘养殖废水中氮、磷的消纳效果,池塘养殖废水灌溉后对稻田田面水和渗漏水水质、水稻养分吸收和产量的影响。结果表明,稻田系统可有效消除池塘养殖废水中铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）、硝态氮（NO-3-N）、总氮（TN）、可溶性磷（DP）、颗粒态磷（PP）、总磷（TP）,其去除率随着施肥量的减少而增加,在常规施肥量、减量施肥20%和减量施肥40%情况下对池塘养殖废水TN的去除率平均分别为25.1%、38.9%和50.5%,对TP的去除率平均分别为56.4%、71.2%和76.2%,对氮、磷的去除以NH₄⁺-N、NO-3-N和PP为主;池塘养殖废水灌溉后,稻田田面水和渗漏水中NH₄⁺-N、NO-3-N、TN、DP、PP、TP质量浓度会随着施肥量减少呈现下降趋势,减量施肥20%和减量施肥40%下,田面水中TN、TP的质量浓度平均分别较CK降低5.8%和23.4%、20.8%和35.5%;渗漏水中TN、TP的质量浓度平均分别较CK降低18.3%和27.5%、23.1%和45.8%。在水稻养分吸收和产量构成方面,减量施肥20%后,池塘养殖废水中的营养物质能满足水稻的养分需求;池塘养殖废水灌溉时,水稻产量以常规施肥量处理最高（较CK增产2.3%）,常规施肥量80%的处理其产量与CK相似,而常规施肥量60%的处理其产量较CK显著降低。综合考虑水稻种植的经济效益和环境效益,建议池塘养殖废水灌溉条件下施肥水平应在常规施肥量的80%左右。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study,local conventional fertilization and irrigation practice was treated as a contrast（CK）,field experiment was conducted under reduction of chemical fertilizer（nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers） to study the absorptive effect of paddy field on nitrogen and phosphorous from pond aquaculture wastewater,and the influences of the irrigated wastewater on quality of surface water and leakage water,and on nutrient absorption of paddy and the yield. Results showed that ammonium（NH₄⁺-N）,nitrate nitrogen（NO₃^--N）,total nitrogen（TN）,dissoluble phosphorous（DP）,particulate phosphorous（PP） and total phosphorous（TP） in pond aquaculture wastewater were effectively removed by paddy field ecosystem,and the removal rate increased with the reduction of fertilization. The TN removal rate under 100%,80% and 60% of conventional fertilization treatment were 25. 1%,38. 9% and 50. 5%,while the TP removal rate were 56. 4%,71. 2% and 76. 2%,respectively. The main forms of nitrogen and phosphorus removed were NH₄⁺-N,NO₃^--N and PP. In addition,the mass concentration of NH₄⁺-N,NO₃^--N,TN,DP,PP and TP from surface water and leakage water in paddy field showed a declining trend with the reduction of fertilization. Under 80% and 60% of conventional fertilization treatment the mass concentration of TN and TP in surface water were 5. 8% and 23. 4%,20. 8% and 35. 5% lower than that from CK,respectively,while in leakage water the number were 18. 3% and 27. 5%,23. 1% and 45. 8%. Considering the nutrient uptake and yield,80% of conventional fertilization treatment along with pond aquaculture wastewater irrigation had met the nutrient demands of rice growth; The yield for treatment of conventional fertilization with wastewater irrigation was the highest,which was 2. 3%higher than that of CK,while the yield for 80% conventional fertilization treatment was similar to that of CK,however,the yield for 60% conventional fertilization treatment was decreased significantly compared with CK. Take both the economic and environmental benefits under consideration in rice cultivation,it is recommended that fertilization is about 80% of the local conventional fertilization when pond aquaculture wastewater is irrigated into paddy field.更多还原