【摘要】 为了明确不同氮利用率类型的马铃薯氮营养特点,并为氮高效资源筛选与利用提供依据,开展了不同氮素处理下马铃薯氮吸收利用基因型差异的研究。以中晚熟品种延薯4号、东农308为试验材料,设4个氮素水平(0,90,180,270kg·hm^-2)在大田条件下研究不同施氮水平对马铃薯不同品种干物质积累动态、阶段性干物质积累动态、块茎产量、氮素利用率及品质的影响。结果表明:在一定范围内增施氮肥可显著增加植株全株干物重,但会降低块茎干物重与全株干物重的比例。成熟期随着施氮量的增加,延薯4号块茎干重占全株干重比例由75%下降到68%,东农308由67%下降到55%。增施氮肥促进延薯4号块茎膨大期的块茎干物质阶段性积累,而东农308块茎阶段干物质积累高峰期向后推迟。低氮(90kg·hm^-2)条件下,东农308与延薯4号氮素吸收利用率分别为50.73%和54.23%,水平相近;而东农308氮素生理利用率(142.74kg·kg^-1)、农学利用率(72.41kg·kg^-1)均高于延薯4号(生理利用率和农学利用率分别为114.78kg·kg^-1和62.25kg·kg^-1)。但在中氮和高氮(270kg·hm^-2)条件下,东农308与延薯4号相比生理利用率、农学利用率下降迅速。2个品种淀粉含量、维生素C含量均随施氮量的增加呈下降趋势,粗蛋白含量随着施氮量的增加呈增加趋势。根据产量水平与品质的综合比较,东农308属于低氮高效型品种,而延薯4号属于高氮高效型品种。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to understand the characteristic of nitrogen（N） uptake and utilization and provide guidance for fertilization in accordance with varieties and high N utilization efficiency（NUE）,2 potato（Solanum tuberosum L.） varieties were selected to analyze their genotype differences of NUE under the different N fertilization condition. The influence of N fertilizer application on potato dry matter accumulation,yield,NUE and quality were studied in this study using "Dongnong308" and "Yanshu4" varieties as material. The trial was made in the field in the condition of 4 N levels(0,90,180,270kg·hm^-2). The main results were as follows:Dry matter weight of the whole plant was improved significant in a certain range. But the proportion of dry matter weight of tuber and the whole plant was reduced with increasing N rate. At mature period, the percentages of dry matter weight of tuber in dry matter weight of whole plant of Yanshu 4 were decreased from 75% to 68% and the percentages of Dongnong308 were decreased from 67% to 55%. Dry matter accumulation of tuber at tuber bulking stage was increased of Yanshu4, but the peak of dry matter accumulation of tuber of Dongnong308 was delayed with the increase of N application rate. N uptake and NUE of Dongnong308 and Yanshu4 were 50.73% and 54.23% respectively,and there was no significant different between them under low N rate(90kg·hm^-2).But physiological NUE(142.74kg·kg^-1) and N agronomic efficiency(72.41kg·kg^-1) of Dongnong308 were higher than that of Yanshu4(physiological NUE and N agronomic efficiency were 114.78 kg·kg^-1and 62.25 kg·kg^-1respectively).Physiological NUE and N agronomic efficiency of Dongnong308 decreased more evidently than that of Yanshu4 under the medium and high N application rate. In addition, the starch content and vitamin C content were reduced with inincreasing of N application, but protein content was improved. From above factors,Dongnong308 belongs to the efficient-inefficient variety of and Yanshu4 belongs to the inefficient-efficient variety.更多还原