【摘要】 研究甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)雄性不育系312A及其保持系312B的花器官形态差异和312A的花药败育特点等,为312A的进一步利用提供理论根据。结果表明,312A与312B的花器官性状存在着极显著差异,其中,312A花药在发育过程中体积较小、干瘪,成熟后花丝较短,不能释放有活力的正常花粉;312B花药体积较大、相对比较饱满,最终可以释放大量鲜黄色的成熟花粉。花蕾石蜡切片观察发现,312A的花药败育发生在3个时期,即小孢子孢原细胞期、造孢细胞分化期和二核花粉期,其中,前2个时期败育属于无花粉囊型败育;二核花粉期败育则是花药发育至二核花粉粒时期,已接近成熟,但2个细胞核的核膜消失,核开始解体直至消失,形成无效的败育花粉粒。这是迄今为止首次在甘蓝型油菜中发现二核期败育类型。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study aims to use cytological means to reveal rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)flower organ morphology and male sterile line 312 A anthers abortive characteristics, etc, to provide effective basis for 312 A further use. Tested rapeseed varieties are from breeding hybrids out of stable male sterile line 312 A and maintainer line 312 B. The results show that 312 A and 312 B during bud development have more obvious differences: 312 B in the process of the whole anther development, the anther has been relatively full,large size, finally can release a large number of mature pollen, 312 A in the process of the whole anther development, the anther has been dry, smaller volume, filaments short after mature, cannot release energetic bright yellow pollen. At the same time, the 312 A and 312 B of floral organ morphology difference reached significant level. By rapeseed 312 A different development stages of bud slice observation, the results show that 312 A of anthers abortive is divided into three kinds of situation, a total of two types of abortive. Part of anther development stagnation in spore cell period, lead to no pollen sac, belong to have no the abortive pollen sac type. Part of anther development of stagnation in spore period of cell differentiation, vascular tissue abnormalities, and did not develop into ideal butterfly-like shape, but appear deformity, belong to have no the abortive pollen sac type, some medicine chamber up to one anther,pollen sac will develop in a small amount of pollen mother cell, the formation of trace pollen grains of the invalid. Another part of anther is because of a mitotic division of cytoplasm and an unequal, the lead to develop into a period of biuncleate pollen grains. With the further development of the pollen grain, the two nuclei of the nuclear membrane disappear, nuclear began to collapse, until disappear, form the pollen grain is invalid. This is first discovery of two nuclear abortion type in Brassia hapus L.更多还原