The decomposition of plant residue is largely mediated by microorganisms,such as soil fungi and bacteria,which are very sensitive to changes in their soil environments. Numerous studies at the microbial community level have emphasizedthe influence of residue return on functional capacity and the characterization of phenotypic traits. Furthermore,previous studies have also shown that fungi dominate the early stages of decomposition in semi-natural unfertilized soils. The longterm impact of straw return on so...