【摘要】 清乾隆帝有七部御制诗集,不惟作品数量可观,而且诗学观念颇著特点。乾隆论诗,重视《诗经》的风雅传统,强调诗言志,反对单纯描写月露风云,反对以禅论诗、以禅入诗,亦反对以诗作干谒之具;评论诗人特别看重人品和气节;论诗作重诗人的识见和事理的切实;同时也认为游艺闲情亦大雅所不废;风格上认同气盛言宜之说;语言上欣赏自然平易。以此诗学观来衡量前代诗人,乾隆最推崇杜甫,尤其是杜甫的忠爱之心,但他于杜甫仍有一点遗憾,即不苟同杜甫《北征》诗对陈玄礼忠烈的赞美,并对之予以比较严厉的批评。这是他重诗人之识见的一个典型论例,也体现了乾隆作为帝王诗人,其不同于常人评诗的独特角度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Emperor Qianlong of Qing dynasty has seven volumes of imperial poetry. He has not only a considerable number of works, but also special philosophy on Chinese poetry. Emperor Qianlong emphasized the tradition of elegance in The Book of Songs and stressed the conveyance of ambition through poetry in his commentaries of poetry. He was against the poetry that only speak of love and disagreed commenting poetry with dhyana("Zen"), writing dhyana into poems and selling oneself by writing poems to the dignitaries. He commented on the poets with particular respect to their morality and integrity, as well as their worldview and authenticity of things. At the same time, he thought there are overlaps between the "Major Court Hymns" and leisure. With respect to the poetic style, he believes in the theory of spiritual power on literary creation, emphasizing the writer’s moral behavior and literary accomplishment. He admired natural and amiable languages. He thought highly of Du Fu among the former generations of poets with this criteria, especially his loyalty to the emperor and the country. The only point he disagreed with and felt pity for Du Fu was that he praised Chen Xuanli for his loyalty in the poem Beizheng. Emperor Qianlong strictly criticized him with that regard. It is a case in point showing that Emperor Qianlong valued the horizon and perspective of the poet. It also indicates that Qianlong, as an emperor poet, had unique perspectives on commenting poetry.更多还原