【摘要】 类型化是构建社会科学理论的一种基本方法,它帮助研究者对社会事物、现象和行为进行归类,对核心概念进行操作化,并通过抽象概念与经验事实的匹配进行理论框架的构思。在确定研究对象、识别解释要素以及形成因果关系等研究环节,类型化方法都发挥着重要作用。然而,在国际关系理论研究成果中,许多流行的类型化存在过度简化、分类逻辑标准不明确、难以涵盖重要的经验类型等突出问题。由于分析概念的理想类型与经验事实的实际类型之间出现脱节,理论体系的内部逻辑一致性和严密性遭到削弱,理论的解释力和有效性也存在缺陷。通过批判性评估修正主义与维持现状国家的区分、国家战略行为的二分法以及温特的三种无政府文化逻辑,作者揭示了这些类型化存在的典型问题,并且展示了如何利用重构、细分和综合等更为严格的类型化技术对它们进行修正、扩展和完善。更加自觉地运用类型化方法、构建更为精致的类型化框架为我们观察国际政治提供了较好的分析视角,也为国际关系理论的创新提供了可能性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Typology is a basic method of constructing social science theory.It helps researchers to classify social facts,phenomena and behaviors,operationalize the core concepts,and construct the theoretical frameworks through the matching of abstract concepts and empirical facts.Typological methods can be employed in all essential steps in the research,from identifying the subjects of the study to locating explanatory factors,and to forming causal relations.However,in the international relations scholarship,many popular typologies suffers serious flaws,including over-simplicity,empirical deficiency,and logical inconsistency.As a result,the rigor and effectiveness of the theory that has been developed is in question because some empirical categories with important theoretical interests cannot been covered.By critically examining some popular typologies,including the revisionist/status-quo categorization,various dichotomies of state behavior,and Alexander Wendt’s three logics of anarchy,this paper reveals the typical problems of these typologies,and demonstrates how to modify,extend,and improve them by adopting more rigorous typological methods.Employing typological methods more consciously can help international relations scholars to improve the quality of theory building and innovation.更多还原