【摘要】 本文主要讨论如何评价新文化运动和如何认识启蒙与新文化运动的关系这两个关键问题。关于前者,作者提出评价新文化运动应当确立的基本原则,不仅要尊重历史事实,而且还要有纵观历史和世界的大视野。通过对当时国内外形势的分析,本文认为,恰恰是因为新文化运动对统治中国几千年政治、道德、学术、思想诸方面黑暗的否定,对政治民主、思想自由、精神独立的提倡和宣传,以及由此造就的群众基础,才使得马克思主义在中国传播开来,社会主义在中国获得胜利。关于后者,作者提出新文化运动不可能一劳永逸地完成中国的启蒙任务,因为中国具有几千年旧文化、旧传统,中华文化与欧洲传统不一样,新文化运动时期中国面临的形势也比16—18世纪欧洲启蒙运动时期复杂得多。不联系中华民族的生死存亡,空谈个性解放,人性自由等,既不实事求是,也与启蒙运动提倡的理性主义的运用和分析大相径庭。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper mainly discusses two key issues: how to evaluate the New Culture Movement and how to understand the relationship between enlightenment and the New Culture Movement. With regard to the former, the author puts forward the basic principles to be established for the evaluation of the New Culture Movement: not only to respect the historical facts, but also take a broad view to make a comprehensive survey of history and the world. Through an analysis of the current situation at home and abroad, this paper argues that it is precisely because the New Culture Movement rejected the darkness in the fields of politics, morality, academics and ideology which had ruled China for thousands of years, promoted insemination of political democracy, freedom of thought, and spiritual independence, which helped to prepare the mass basis for Marxism to spread in China, that it became possible to achieve the victory of socialism in China. Regarding the latter, theauthor believes the New Culture Movement could not complete the task of enlightenment once and for all in China. The reasons are as follows: China has thousands of years of old culture and old traditions, the Chinese culture and the European traditions are quite different, and the situation confronting China during the New Culture Movement period was far more complicated than the situation during the European Enlightenment in the 16th-18 th centuries. So, when it was divorced from the future fate of the Chinese nation, the empty talk of personality liberation and personal freedom was not only unrealistic, but also poled apart from the rationalist analysis and application advocated by the Enlightenment.更多还原