【摘要】 讨论问题,如果纠缠不清,就应回到元点,先弄清一些基本的概念。谈论文学问题,同样应该有这种清醒。一是文学的发生及其特性。从发生学的角度探究一个对象,应该更能看清它的本体性特质。相较于"劳动说"、"游戏说"等主张而言,文学艺术产生于"巫术"说,则更为逼近于文学艺术的本质特征,真正触及到了人类思维活动的能力和特点。审美性"虚拟空间"的创造,既是人类生命不可或缺的一种需要,也是人类生命与生俱来的一种能力。二是文学与历史的关系。简言之:"历史中的文学,文学中的历史"。文学无疑是历史的产物,但文学中的"历史"却另有其独特的担承和表现。三是文学与生活的关系。在过去的表述中,明显地隐含着一个"本质与现象"的关系论定,而实际上,成功的文学形象的创造,却只能是一个艺术生命孕育生成的过程,它超于生活,但不等同于从"现象"到"本质"的升华。四是文学的功能。"文学无用"论是对"工具论"的反拨,但对文学之"无用之用"并未给出一个更具说服力的完整的答案。更多还原

【Abstract】 To discuss the problem,if entangled,should return to the original point,and then find out some basic concepts first. To talk about literary issues should be done in such a sober way. The article explores and analyzes four basic issues about literature in the following order. First,the occurrence and characteristics of literature. To study of an object from the perspective of generative theory, its ontological characteristics should be seen more clearly. Compared with the ideas of "labor theory"and"game theory",the idea that literature and art originate from "witchcraft"is closer to the essential characteristics of literature and art,and really touches on the ability and characteristics of human thinking activities. The creation of aesthetic "virtual space"is not only an indispensable need but also an innate ability of human life. Second,the relationship between literature and history. In brief,it can be summarized as "history of literature and literature in history."Literature is undoubtedly the product of history, but the history of literature has its own unique bearing and expression. Third, the relationship between literature and life. In the past statements,the judgment on the relationship between "nature and phenomenon "is obviously implied,but in fact,the creation of a successful literary image can only be a process in which artistic life is bred and formed; it transcends life,but does not equate the sublimation from the "phenomenon " to "essence ". Fourth,the function of literature. The theory of "Literary is useless"is the backwash of the "instrument theory"; however,it fails to give a more convincing and complete answer to the "usefulness of the uselessness"of literature.更多还原