【摘要】 目的初步探讨北京市通州区空气污染和医院门诊量的关系。方法收集2015-2016年2所监测医院内科和儿科的每日门诊量及其分病种日门诊量数据,并收集同期空气环境质量监测数据,比较污染物浓度和医院门诊量的关系。结果日门诊总量在NO₂的超标日高于达标日（t=-2.748,P<0.05）,且与NO₂、CO的日均浓度呈正相关（rNO₂=0.171、rCO=0.090,P<0.05）。呼吸系统疾病日门诊量在NO₂、CO、PM_2.5超标日高于达标日(tNO₂=-5.859、tCO=-2.854、tPM_2.5=-3.603,P<0.05),并与NO₂、CO、PM₁₀和PM_2.5的日均浓度呈正相关(rNO₂=0.302、rCO=0.278、rPM₁₀=0.078、rPM_2.5=0.139,P<0.05)。循环系统疾病日门诊量在NO₂、CO、PM₁₀、PM_2.5超标日高于达标日(tNO₂=-6.056、tCO=-5.412、tPM₁₀=-5.396、tPM_2.5=-3.541,P<0.05),并与SO₂、NO₂、CO、PM₁₀、PM_2.5的日均浓度呈正相关(rSO₂=0.168、rNO₂=0.281、rCO=0.224、rPM₁₀=0.200、rPM_2.5=0.136,P<0.05)。呼吸系统和循环系统疾病日门诊量随着PM_2.5日均浓度的升高而呈增加趋势。皮肤和皮下组织疾病日门诊量在NO₂、PM₁₀超标日低于达标日(tNO₂=-1.998、tPM₁₀=-2.679,P<0.05),与SO₂、CO的日均浓度呈负相关（rSO₂=-0.306、rCO=-0.109,P<0.05）。眼和附器疾病日门诊量在PM₁₀超标日低于达标日(tPM₁₀=-2.825,P<0.05),也与SO₂、CO的日均浓度呈负相关（rSO₂=-0.211、rCO=-0.092,P<0.05）。结论通州区空气污染增加可能对呼吸系统疾病和循环系统疾病门诊量的增加有一定影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective Our study aimed to an initial analysis of the relationship between air pollution and number of outpatient visits in the sentinel hospitals in Tongzhou district of Beijing from 2015 to 2016.Methods The total daily visits in the outpatient sections of internal medicine and pediatrics as well as daily visits because of certain diseases were collected from 2 sentinel hospitals.Air quality data in the same period were also collected.The relationship between concentrations of contaminants and number of outpatient visits was analyzed.Results The total daily visits in the outpatients of internal and pediatrics during days with excessive NO₂ was higher than that of qualified days（NO₂ t =-2.748,P < 0.05）,and was positively correlated with daily average concentrations of NO₂ and CO（NO₂r = 0.171,CO r = 0.090,P < 0.05）.The outpatient visits because of respiratory system diseases in days with excessive the NO₂,CO and PM_2.5 were higher than that of qualified days(NO₂ t =-5.859,CO t =-2.854,PM_2.5 t =-3.603,P < 0.05),and was positively correlated with daily average concentrations of NO₂,CO,PM₁₀ and PM_2.5(NO₂r = 0.302、CO r = 0.278、PM₁₀ r = 0.078、PM_2.5 r = 0.139,P < 0.05).The outpatient visits of the circulatory system diseases in the days with excessive NO₂,CO,PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 was higher than that of qualified days(NO₂ t =-6.056,CO t =-5.412,PM₁₀ t =-5.396,PM_2.5 t =-3.541,P < 0.05),and was positively correlated with daily average concentrations of SO₂,NO₂,CO,PM₁₀ and PM_2.5(SO₂ r = 0.168,NO₂r = 0.281,CO r = 0.224,PM₁₀ r = 0.200,PM_2.5 r = 0.136,P < 0.05).The daily average outpatient visits because of respiratory and circulatory system diseases rised as the concentration of PM_2.5 increased.The daily outpatient visits of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases in days with excessive NO₂ and PM₁₀ was lower than that of qualified days(NO₂ t =-1.998,PM₁₀ t =-2.679,P < 0.05),and was negatively correlated with daily average concentrations of SO₂ and CO（SO₂ r =-0.306,CO r =-0.109,P < 0.05）.The daily outpatient visits of eye and appendage diseases in days with excessive PM₁₀ was lower than that of qualified days(PM₁₀ t =-2.825,P < 0.05),and was also negatively correlated with daily average concentrations of SO₂ and CO（SO₂ r =-0.211,CO r =-0.092,P < 0.05）.Conclusion This study provided evidences that air pollution might have an adverse effect on the outpatient visits of respiratory and circulatory system diseases.更多还原