【摘要】 我国有着大量的农业废弃物,资源浪费严重并引起污染问题,将其经过高温堆肥处理并加以利用,具有重要的研究意义和研究价值。本试验研究了几种农业废弃物堆肥化过程中理化性状的变化,结果表明:(1)堆腐开始后,各种材料温度均迅速升高,较短时间后又较快的下降,不同材料温度上升的快慢及最高温度差异很大,翻堆可提高堆体的温度;玉米秸秆整个腐解过程均不需加水,小麦秸秆堆制前吸水特别困难,腐解较短时间后吸水就变得很容易,棉花秸秆失水较快,腐解过程中需要不断加水,而大豆秸秆和菇渣只需前期加水;在堆腐的过程中,各种材料持水孔隙度均有所增加;玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆、大豆秸秆p H值变化均呈现出先降低后升高然后降低的趋势,菇渣和棉花秸秆表现为先升高后降低,但两者曲线有所不同;各种材料的电导率(EC值)均表现出先升高后降低的变化趋势;菇渣抗分解能力最强,双子叶植物秸秆比单子叶植物秸秆抗分解能力强,单子叶植物腐解过程中体积和重量减少较多;随着腐解过程的进行,容重都不同程度的增加;各种材料的NH4+N和全N都是前期升高,后期降低,而碳氮比(C/N)均呈下降的趋势;各种材料经过不同的腐解期后,腐解基质发芽指数(GI)很快升高,GI后期接近或超过100%。农业废弃物堆肥产品可以应用到农业的方方面面,并有很多新型应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In our country, agriculture by-product resources are excessive and badly wasted and resulted in environment problems. It has important research significance and research value through high temperature composting process. The experiment studied the physical and chemical properties change of several kinds of agricultural waste during the composting process, the result showed that: at the beginning of the composting process, the temperature of each material rapidly elevated and lasted for a while, followed by a quick drop, the speed of temperature rose and the maximum temperature differed from material to material. Turn piles may enhance the compost temperature. It was not necessary to add water to the whole process of decomposition of corn straw, wheat straw was very difficult to absorb water before composting, but after short composting time, its water-absorptivity boosted up greatly. Cotton straw dehydrated faster, and need to add water constantly during the decomposition process. Bean straw and mushroom residue compost only need to water in the earlier period. In the composting process, each kind of materials tends to increase water-holding pores. For corn straw, wheat straw and bean straw,changes tendency of their p H value present decline first, then elevate, and decline again subsequently, p H value of mushroom residue and cotton straw increased first and then decreased, but their curves were different. The conductivity of all kinds of materials(EC) shows the trend of elevating first, then reducing. The anti-decomposition ability of mushroom residue is the strongest, the decomposition ability of dicotyledonous plant straw is stronger than that of single leaf plant straw. The volume and weight of single cotyledons were reduced in the process of decomposition. With the process of decomposition, the bulk density increased in different degrees. Each material’s NH4+ N and total N elevated at the earlier period, then reduced at later period, and the C/N ratio(C/N) of all materials showed a downward trend. Germination Indexes(GI) of various substrates increased rapidly after different composting period, and GI closed to or exceeded 100% in later stage. Agricultural waste compost products can be applied to all aspects of agriculture, and there are many new applications.更多还原