【摘要】 为评价黄河流域的水污染状况,根据2004—2015年流域上、中、下游9个监测断面4个水质指标的监测数据,对流域水质达标情况及各水质指标的时空演变特征进行了分析。结果表明:研究时段内,黄河流域水质整体呈逐步改善趋势,水质达标率由2004年的48.5%上升至2015年的77.4%;年际变化上,除pH值无剧烈波动外,DO浓度各代表断面呈上升趋势,COD_Mn和NH₃-N浓度则基本呈下降趋势;年内变化上,受流域水文要素年内分配不均匀性影响,各代表断面除pH值年内波动幅度不大外,其余3个水质指标年内变化显著,基本在汛期6—9月达到最小值,在12月至次年3月达到最大值;空间变化上,受地区工农业发展及非人为因素影响,断面间水质指标存在较大差异,pH值与DO浓度空间变异性较弱,COD_Mn和NH₃-N浓度则存在较强空间变异性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the monitor data of 9 representative state-controlled sections and 4 water quality indexes in the upper,middle and lowerreaches of the Yellow River basin during the period of 2004-2015,the temporal and spatial characteristics of water quality achievable and inde-xes were analyzed to evaluate the water pollution status. The results show that the water quality of the Yellow River exhibits a tendency of gradu-ally improving during the study period,the overall compliance rate of water quality increases from 48.5% in 2004 to 77.4% in 2015. As for theinter-annual variation,except no sharp fluctuations in the pH value,there is a significant rising trend in DO while a downward trend in COD_Mn and NH₃-N. All the indexes exist significant flood and non-flood season and seasonal variation throughout the year influenced by the temporaland spatial variation of hydrologic features. That all the indexes show that a significant inter-annual variation reaches the minimum value in floodseason in the period of June-September while the maximum value from December to March except pH value. About the spatial variation in theYellow River basin,there are strong spatial variation of the water quality indexes in different monitoring sections affected by the development ofagriculture and industry and other non-human factors,pH value and DO exist a weaker variability while COD_Mn and NH₃-N stronger.更多还原