【摘要】 本文在物质剥夺视角下构建农村家庭致贫机制框架,使用河南和陕西两省农村大样本微观调查数据对农户物质剥夺状况及其影响因素进行系统的实证分析。结果发现,总样本中有35.92%的农户至少在一个维度上发生物质剥夺,在发生物质剥夺的样本中,其平均剥夺维度数为1.53。在所有六个维度中样本农户在住房和医疗两个维度的剥夺比例最高。农户物质剥夺发生率远高于收入贫困发生率。尽管较高的家庭收入有助于降低农户物质剥夺发生概率和剥夺程度,但当充分控制其他经济资源和基本需要因素之后,家庭收入对物质剥夺的解释力度显著下降。回归分析发现除家庭收入之外,家庭资产存量、医疗保险、信贷支持和政府救济在缓解农户物质剥夺方面均能发挥出积极作用,而成员较差的健康水平及发生灾难性自付医疗支出则会显著提高农户陷入物质剥夺的可能性及剥夺程度。传统的收入贫困测量框架在识别绝对贫困农户方面存在较大的偏误,单纯的收入救助也不足以帮助绝对贫困农户真正脱贫。除了收入扶持之外,在农村减贫政策实践中还应当重视提高农户的物质资本和人力资本水平,促进信贷和公共服务的可获得性,通过医疗保险和医疗救助降低健康冲击对农户福利的负面影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper develops a conceptual framework based on a material deprivation approach to understand poverty in rural China. We use a large household survey dataset from Henan and Shaanxi provinces to investigate the incidence rate and severity of material deprivation as measures of absolute poverty. We find that 35.92% of rural households in the survey reported one or more dimensions of material deprivation,and their average number of deprivations experienced was 1.53 out of a total of 6. Among the dimensions of material deprivation,the incidence rates of housing and medical deprivation were much higher than the other dimensions. The incidence rate of material deprivation was much higher than the poverty rate estimated based on household per capita disposable income. Higher household per capita income was associated with reduced incidence and severity of material deprivation. After controlling for an array of resources and basic needs factors,the effects of household per capita income on material deprivation decreased in magnitude but remained statistically significant. The results from regression analyses show that,besides income,other economic resources such as household assets,health insurance,credit support,and public assistance played a positive role in reducing material deprivation. However,poor health of household members and catastrophic out-of-pocket medical expenses substantially increased the risk and severity of material deprivation. These findings suggest that identification of rural absolute poverty solely based on household income may induce significant targeting errors,and receiving income assistance is insufficient for the rural poor to escape from material deprivation. In the anti-poverty practice in rural China,the government should take effective measures to increase poor households’ physical and human capital,promote accessibility of credit and public services,and provide health insurance or health assistance to alleviate the negative effects of health risks on family wellbeing.更多还原