【摘要】 目的初步探讨放射性指标超过《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)指导值生活饮用水的分析测定和评价。方法依据《生活饮用水标准检验方法放射性指标》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)和《水中放射性核素的γ能谱分析方法》(GB/T 16140-1995)等测量方法进行了测量,依据《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》(GB 18871-2002)、参考世界卫生组织(WHO)《饮用水水质标准第4版》进行初步探讨分析和评价。结果 4件生活饮用水样品中有4件总α、3件总β活度浓度超过《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)指导值,进一步使用γ能谱分析方法测量了镭-226、钍-232、钾-40、铀-238和铅-210活度浓度,初步估算居民通过饮水所致年有效剂量均超过0.1 m Sv。结论超指导值生活饮用水应全面分析镭-226、钍-232、钾-40、铀-238、铅-210和钋-210等与总放水平相关的核素;尽快修订或制定超指导值生活饮用水的评价标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To preliminary discuss the analysis to determine and the assessment if the radioactivity levels in drinking water exceeded the guidance levels of "Standards for Drinking Water Quality"(GB 5749-2006).Methods The drinking waters were determined in this paper according to the methods of "Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water radiological Parameters"(GB/T 5750.13-2006) and "Gamma Spectrometry Method for Analysis of Radionuclides in Water"(GB/T 16140-1995).A preliminary analysis and evaluation is discussed according to "Basic Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources"(GB 18871-2002) and "Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality,Fourth Edition".Results The results showed that,the four activities of gross α and three activities of gross β were exceeded the guidance values of "Standards for Drinking Water Quality"(GB 5749-2006) in the four drinking water samples,respectively.Then activity concentrations of radium-226,thorium-232,potassium-40,uranium-238 and plumbum-210 were further determined by gamma spectrometry method.Our preliminary results indicated that the annual effective doses from drinking-water ingestion were beyond the WHO recommended value 0.1 mSv/a.Conclusion If either of the gross alpha and gross beta guidance levels is exceeded,then the specific radionuclides,such as radium-226,thorium-232,potassium-40,uranium-238,plumbum-210,polonium-210 and other radionuclides related to the levels of total radioactivity,should be identified and measured.As soon as possible,to revise or make evaluation standard for drinking water if either of the gross alpha and gross beta levels is exceeded.更多还原