【摘要】 目的了解云南省红河州疟疾流行概况与防治历程,分析消除疟疾的措施、效果和经验。方法对红河州1953-2016年疟疾防治疫情数据、报表和相关文件进行分析和总结。结果红河州气候炎热,疟疾媒介按蚊复杂,调查发现有22种按蚊;在中华按蚊、微小按蚊、溪流按蚊、印神按蚊、巴拉巴按蚊和雷氏按蚊按蚊中均检测到过疟原虫子孢子自然感染,其中主要媒介微小按蚊子孢子自然感染率高达0.62%(8/1 291),历史上是疟疾高度地方性流行区,64年来累计报告疟疾病例409 251例,死亡788例,病死率0.19%。1953年发现病例最多,共报告43 071例,发病率2 661.1/10万。经过64年的积极防治,2008年疟疾发病率控制在5/10万以下,2011年发现最后1例当地感染病例后,再无本地感染疟疾,2015年11月通过省级考核评估,实现消除疟疾。结论红河州原为我国主要边境高疟区,防治和消除措施成功有效,按国家规划实现了消除疟疾目标。加强境外输入性疟疾监测和管理,是巩固消除疟疾成果的重要策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To learn malaria situation and control procedures, and then analyse measures, effectiveness and experiences on malaria elimination in Hehong prefecture of Yunnan Province. Methods Data and documents on malaria incidences, reporting forms and documents from 1953 to 2016 were collected and analysed. Results Hot climate leads to complicated anopheles of malaria vector in Honghe Prefecture. Total 22 species of anopheles have been found now. Natural sporozoite infection(NSI) has been detected in An. sinensis, An. minimus, An. fluviatilis, An. varuna, An. dirus, An. barbirostris and An. lesteri. The NSI rate of An. minimus, the principle vector, was as high as 0.62%(8/1 291). Total 409 251 malaria cases were reported from Honghe prefecture during 64 years, 788 of them died and case mortality was 0.19%. High malaria incidence were reported, total 43 071 cases, and annual incidence was 2 661.1 per 100 000 person-years in 1953. Sixty-four intensive malaria control decreased the incidence less than 5 per 100 000 person-years by 2008. The last local malaria case was identified in 2011, and then no any local infection of malaria was found. Honghe Prefecture passed the provincial assessment of malaria elimination in November, 2015. Conclusion Honghe prefecture has been one of former malaria hyperendemic areas along international Border in China. Control and elimination measures worked well and Honghe Prefecture achieved the goal of malaria elimination according to the national program. Strengthening surveillance and management of imported malaria would be an important strategy for maintaining this achievement of malaria elimination.更多还原