【摘要】 目的介绍骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)的常见病因、诊断标准和治疗药物的研究进展,为今后的深入研究提供一个参考。方法进行深入分析并总结近年来的相关文献。结果 OP的发病原因比较复杂,主要是由于年龄增长、性激素分泌减少、某些疾病或者药物等诱因导致的;目前还没有一个直接测量及评估骨强度的理想方法,骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)测量被作为临床上诊断OP常用的定量指标;防治OP的药物主要有骨吸收抑制剂、骨形成促进剂、骨矿化剂和一些滋阴补肾的中药等,骨吸收抑制剂通过促进骨形成和抑制破骨细胞(osteoclast,OC)活性削弱其对骨吸收的速度从而提高BMD、增强骨强度,骨形成促进剂则是直接促进骨形成提高BMD。结论雌激素减少、器官及其生理功能随着年龄增长而衰退等是OP发生的主要原因;已经发生脆性骨折或BMD低下是临床上诊断OP的通用指标;目前,临床上防治OP的相关药物还是以骨吸收抑制剂为主,其中双磷酸盐(bisphosphonates,BP)是较为常用的骨吸收抑制剂。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To introduce the common etiology, standard of diagnosis and drugs of osteoporosis as a reference for further study. Methods: Analyze and summarize the related articles in recent years. Results: The etiologies which caused OP mainly contain increase of age, reduce of sex hormone, diseases or drugs and so on; The direct measurement or evaluation method of bone strength is not built until now, bone mineral density measurement was used as a standard of diagnosis of osteoporosis;Bone resorption inhibitor, bone formation promoter, bone mineralizing agent and traditional Chinese medicine are the main drugs to prevent and control OP, bone resorption inhibitor improve the BMD and bone strength via inhibiting the activity of osteoclast with allowing bone formation, Bone formation promoter can improve the BMD just via stimulating bone formation. Conclusion: The mainly reasons that lead to OP contain estrogen deficiency, organ recession and physiological function recession; the general index in the diagnosis of OP in clinical include fracture and low BMD; Bisphosphonates which falls into the category of bone resorption inhibitor is the main drug for osteoporosis.更多还原