【摘要】 目的分析住院患儿的疾病谱及死因,为儿童疾病的防治提供参考依据。方法选取江西省儿童医院2011—2015年住院患儿的病例资料,分析住院患儿例数及治疗转归情况、性别及年龄分布、疾病构成、住院死亡患儿性别及年龄分布、死因构成。结果 2011—2015年共收住院患儿359 627例,其中死亡676例,病死率为0.19%。2015年住院患儿人数较2011年增长19.85%。住院患儿病死率呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ_趋势²=11.374,P=0.001)。住院患儿中,男童244 857例（68.09%）,女童114 770例（31.9l%）,男女比例为2.13:1。各年份男童、女童均以婴儿多见。2011年和2012年居前3位的疾病均为弥漫性肺炎、手足口病、新生儿肺炎,2013年和2015年居前3位的疾病均为肺部感染、支气管肺炎、手足口病,2014年居前3位的疾病为肺部感染、手足口病、新生儿肺炎。死亡676例,男童病死率为0.17%（416/244 857）,女童为0.23%（260/114 770）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=13.364,P<0.001）。新生儿病死率为0.35%（125/35 872）,婴儿为0.24%（262/109 012）,幼儿为0.15%（146/100 301）,学龄前期为0.11%（67/58 500）,学龄期为0.14%（76/55 942）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=99.712,P<0.001）;其中婴儿、幼儿、学龄前期、学龄期病死率较新生儿降低,幼儿、学龄前期、学龄期病死率较婴儿降低（P<0.004 5）。前3位死因为传染病和寄生虫病[19.97%（135/676）],起源于围生期疾病[13.46%（91/676）],先天性畸形、变形和染色体异常[12.72%（86/676）]。结论 2011—2015年住院患儿病死率呈逐年下降趋势,不同年龄段患儿病死率不同。呼吸系统疾病为住院患儿的主要病种;传染病和寄生虫病,起源于围生期疾病,先天性畸形、变形和染色体异常为主要死因。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the disease spectrum and causes of death in hospitalized children,so as to provide a basis for children’s disease prevention and treatment.Methods By checking the medical records of the children hospitalized in Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital from 2011 to 2015,we obtained and analyzed the data of the number,treatment outcome,sex and age distribution,disease composition of all the hospitalized children,and the sex and age distribution,causes of death in those who died during hospitalization.Results A total of 359 627 children were treated from 2011 to 2015,of them,676 died,with a case fatality rate of 0.19%.The number of hospitalized children increased 19.85%in 2015 as compared to 2011.The case fatality rate presented a downward trend(χ_trend² =11.374,P-0.001).Among the hospitalized children,244 857（68.09%） were male and 114 770（31.91%） were female,the ratio of male to female was 2.13:1.Male and female infants were common in each year from 2011 to 2015.The three diseases with the highest prevalence in the children were diffuse pneumonia,hand,foot and mouth disease and neonatal pneumonia in both 2011 and 2012,and those were pulmonary infection,bronchial pneumonia,hand,foot and mouth disease in both 2013 and 2015,and those were pulmonary infection,hand,foot and mouth disease,and neonatal pneumonia in 2014.A total of 676 children died during this period.Female children had a higher case fatality rate than male children did(0.23%（260/114 770） vs.0.17%（416/244857）,（χ² = 13.364,P <0.001）].The case fatality rate was 0.35%（125/35 872） in newborns,and 0.24%（262/109 012） in infants,0.15%（146/100 301） in young children,0.11%（67/58 500） in preschool age children and 0.14%（76/55 942） in school-age children（χ²= 99.712,P < 0.001）.Neonates had higher case fatality rate than the other four groups;infants had higher mortality rate than young children,preschool children and school-age children did（P < 0.004 5）.The top three causes of death in hospitalized children were infectious and parasitic diseases(19.97%（135/676）],perinatal diseases(13.46%（91/676）],congenital malformations,deformation and chromosomal abnormalities(12.72%（86/676）].Conclusion In the children hospitalized in Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital from 2011 to 2015,the case fatality rate decreased year by year,and it differed between different age groups;respiratory disease is the major disease;infectious and parasitic diseases,perinatal diseases,congenital malformations,deformation and chromosomal abnormalities are the primary causes of death.更多还原