【摘要】 随着计算电磁学理论与方法研究的迅猛发展,通过数值模拟精确地量化研究电磁波与目标/环境相互作用的物理原理与相关规律已成为可能;相应的数值模拟和理论预估可为复杂环境中的目标探测与识别、地下资源的勘探开发、地海空天环境中的信息获取、电磁隐身设计和电磁对抗研究等技术研发提供坚实的理论基础,激励崭新的创新思路.精确高效的数值模拟与理论预估工具的研发与应用,将促使相关技术研发在质量与水平上产生新的飞跃.本文首先简要介绍了电磁波与目标/环境相互作用的研究背景与科学问题,总结了国内外的相关研究现状.接着,本文重点论述了半空间背景介质中目标复合散射理论建模与数值方法研究的基础理论及主要研究进展,包括半空间Green函数及其高效计算方法,以及半空间问题的积分方程高效数值方法等.最后,提出了电磁波与目标/环境相互作用的重点研究领域及展望,包括:具有高参数对比度的半空间与目标复合散射理论模型和数值方法的深化研究;半空间背景中超电大目标复合散射的高效数值分析;半空间背景中超电大目标复合散射的不同近似数值模型的研究;半空间背景中超电大目标复合散射的各类射线分析模型及其与基于高效数值解的精度比较分析;环境粗糙地、海面电磁散射的随机时变模型与目标电磁散射的确定性模型的融合方法 (例如半空间背景介质中目标差场雷达散射截面RCS与粗糙面杂波贡献作为加性噪声)及其规律性与适应性研究;与传感器相结合的半空间背景介质中目标复合散射的数值模型及其应用研究;分层介质低频近场探测中的空间选择性和自适应聚焦方法;大规模可信电磁计算中的数理模型验证、校核与评价,等等.更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of computational electromagnetic theories and methods, it is now possible to study accurately and quantitatively the basic physical principle and rules of interaction between electromagnetic waves and complicated targets/environment through numerical methods. Such numerical modeling and theoretical prediction can lay a solid foundation and inspire innovative ideas for the research and development of new technologies in the fields of target detection and identification in a complex environment, exploration of underground resources, information acquisition in a ground-air or ocean-air environment, electromagnetic stealth design, electromagnetic countermeasures, etc. The study and application of accurate and efficient numerical modeling tools will remarkably promote the research and development of relevant technologies. In this article,we first review the research background and scientific problems in the interaction of electromagnetic waves and targets/environment. Next, we focus on the introduction of theoretical modeling and numerical methods for the composite scattering of targets in a half-space environment, the state-of-the-art development of half-space Green’s function and its efficient computation, integral equation methods, and fast algorithms. Finally, we propose several key research topics and areas for the interaction of electromagnetic waves and targets/environment, including composite scattering model and numerical methods for targets in a high-contrast half space; highly efficient analysis of electrically large targets in a half space; approximation models for analyzing composite scattering; accuracy study and comparison of full-wave numerical and high-frequency or ray methods in a half space; combination of stochastic time-varying model of the rough ground/sea surface and the deterministic half-space model, rules and adaptivity(for example, the differential RCS of targets in a half space and the random scattering of rough surfaces as additive noise); numerical models of composite scattering in a half space for sensor applications; spatial selection and adaptive focusing in the low-frequency near-field detection in a layered medium; and verification,validation, and evaluation of numerical models in a large-scale electromagnetic computation.更多还原