【摘要】 为确定花生耐涝品种的干物质积累与分配特征及洪涝灾害的防控对策,选用18个耐涝性差异稳定的花生品种,在适合水旱轮作(土壤渗水性强)的大田条件下于营养生长末期进行短期湿涝10d(W10)、长期湿涝88d(W88)和正常灌溉(NI)处理,研究湿涝对不同花生品种各器官干物质积累和分配的影响。结果表明,短期湿涝对整个花生品种生物量的影响,以叶片最甚,其他依次是茎秆、荚果,而根系略增重;长期湿涝会降低叶片生物量,而促进根系、茎秆、荚果的增加,说明光合器官叶片对湿涝最敏感,其次是茎秆,荚果受短期湿涝影响小且因长期湿涝而增产,而根系具有稳定耐性。短、长涝期时实际产量较高的品种一般表现出矮秆、叶多、根系发达、根冠比较高,而耐性系数多偏低,短、长涝时叶片与根系增重可实现耐渍涝与高产的统一,根系、叶片生物量比重高是维持长涝耐性的基础。筛选出豫花15、花119、彩珠、桂红花、金花1012等耐渍涝品种。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to determine the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and distribution characteristics of waterlogging-tolerant varieties and countermeasures for prevention and control waterlogging and flooding in peanut crops.18 peanut varieties with different waterlogging tolerance were selected and treated with short-term waterlogging for 10 days(W10),long-term waterlogging for 88 days(W88)and normal irrigation(NI)during the end of vegetative growth stage in the field adapted to paddy and dry rotation(with strong soil water permeability).The effects of waterlogging on dry matter accumulation and distribution in different peanut varieties were studied.The results showed that the effects of short-term waterlogging on biomass of whole peanut varieties were obvious in leaf weight,and stem,legume,and root was also increased slightly.Long submergence reduced leaf biomass while promoted the development of root system,stem and pod,which showed that leaf as photosynthetic organ was most sensitive to waterlogging,followed by stem and pod which increased yield due to long-term waterlogging rather than short waterlogging and the root system had stably tolerant.The high yield varieties in short and long term waterlogging had the characteristics of generally dwarf with many leaves,well-developed roots and relatively high root-shoot ratio,however,the tolerant coefficient was lower.The increase in weight of leaves and roots during short and long waterlogging could achieve via the unity of waterlogging resistance and high yield.The high proportion of root and leaf biomass was the basis of maintaining long waterlogging tolerance.The varieties of Yuhua15,Hua119,Caizhu,Guihuahong,and Jinhua1012 were screened out which had high resistant of waterlogging in our study.更多还原