【摘要】 目的了解北京市城区与农村14岁以下儿童食物过敏患病率、引起儿童过敏常见食物以及临床特征等的差异。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,在北京市中心城区和远郊区农村选择学校、幼儿园和社区,首先使用筛查问卷对0~14岁儿童进行食物过敏筛查,然后对家长自我报告有食物过敏的儿童由临床医师进行现场调查,包括询问病史,体检,查阅既往病历记录和辅助检查结果,对食物过敏进行临床诊断,获得食物过敏患病率,过敏食物及临床特征。结果共有13 073名城区儿童及7 113名农村儿童参加了本次调查,食物过敏患病率分别为城区3.24%,农村1.07%,城区显著高于农村(χ~2=89.743,P<0.001)。不同性别儿童的患病率,城区分别为男3.55%,女2.88%(χ~2=4.567,P=0.033),农村分别为男1.30%,女0.82%(χ~2=3.965,P=0.046)。不同年龄儿童患病率有差异,城区儿童随着年龄增加而升高,学龄前儿童与学龄儿童分别达3.18%和3.72%,不同年龄儿童的差异存在统计学意义(χ~2=26.321,P<0.001),农村儿童以学龄前儿童患病率较高(1.37%),至学龄儿童有所降低,但不同年龄段间差异不存在统计学意义(χ~2=2.782,P=0.249)。城区和农村儿童常见主要过敏食物均为水果,其次为鱼虾,最常见过敏症状均以皮肤和口腔黏膜症状为主。结论北京市城区儿童食物过敏患病率高于农村儿童,男性儿童高于女性儿童,导致城区和农村儿童过敏的主要食物及临床表现大致相同。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the difference of prevalence and clinical characteristics of childhood food allergy between urban and rural area of Beijing.Methods 0-14 years-old children were sampling from primary and middle schools,kindergartens and communities by using cluster random sampling in urban and rural area of Beijing.A short screening questionnaire was finished by parents of every child.The parents were asked to complete a long detailed questionnaire related to clinical manifestation and diagnosis of food allergy,who had reported previous experience of allergic symptoms of their children related to food intake in the screening questionnaires.The diagnosis of food allergy was made by doctors,basing on symptoms and medical recordings.Comparison of the prevalence and clinical characteristics of childhood food allergy between urban and rural area of Beijing was performed.Results Screening questionnaires were finished by 13 073 children in urban area and 7 113 children in rural area,and diagnosis of food allergy was made for 423 children from urban area and 76 from rural area.The prevalence of food allergy of children in urban area was much higher than in rural area(3.24% vs.1.07%,χ~2= 89.743,P<0.001).The prevalence of food allergy of boys was higher than of girls in both urban and rural area.The prevalence of food allergy was 3.55% and 2.88% in boys and girls(χ~2= 4.567,P = 0.033) from urban area respectively,whereas 1.30% and 0.82% in boys and girls(χ~2= 3.965,P = 0.046) from rural area respectively.The prevalence of food allergy of school-age children(3.72%) and preschool children(3.18%) was higher than that infants(1.60%) in urban area,but the differences were not significant statistically among different age groups in rural area.The most common allergenic food were fruits,followed by fish and shrimp in children under 14 years.Cutaneous symptoms and oral allergy symptoms were predominant clinical manifestations in both urban and rural area.Conclusions The prevalence of food allergy of children under 14 years in urban area was higher than in rural area of Beijing.The most common allergenic food and clinical manifestations were similar among children in both urban and rural area.更多还原