【摘要】 为评价太湖流域水生植物堆肥对水稻产量及稻田土壤肥力效应,在太湖流域典型稻田连续进行4a的田间定位试验,比较在等氮条件下不同比例的水生植物有机堆肥替代处理(有机氮替代率分别为0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)引起的水稻籽粒产量、产量构成因子、氮磷钾吸收量以及土壤碳氮含量和pH值变化。结果表明:与单施尿素相比,水生植物有机堆肥与尿素配施利于水稻产量的提高,并随着有机肥替代率增加,水稻产量呈先增后降;当有机肥替代率达40%和60%时产量最高。单施有机肥和单施尿素处理水稻籽粒产量相当。单施有机肥显著降低了有效穗数,有机肥和尿素配合施用则可减轻甚至消除这一效应;有机肥替代率在40%和60%时,有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率均较高。随着有机肥施用量增加,水稻秸秆氮浓度降低,籽粒氮浓度无影响;水稻磷浓度和吸收量均无显著差异;有机肥与尿素配施均显著提高了秸秆钾吸收量,有机肥替代率在80%时可显著提高籽粒钾吸收量。表层土壤全氮和有机碳含量及土壤pH值均与有机肥替代率呈显著正相关关系。有机肥-尿素配施处理下土壤全氮和有机碳均较4 a前显著提高。有机肥替代率为80%和100%,土壤pH值较试验前土壤分别显著升高。由此可见,水生植物有机肥与尿素配施可以提高太湖稻作区水稻产量,增加土壤有机质含量和减缓土壤酸化程度,可作为太湖稻作区一项环保型施肥技术。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer based on aquatic plant composting on the rice yield and paddy soil properties, a four-year field experiment was carried out in the typical paddy field of the Tai Lake region. The four-year field experiment was composed of different combinations of organic nitrogen substitute of aquatic plant compost and mineral urea, and it included 6 treatments whose proportions of organic nitrogen were 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of total nitrogen amount, respectively; and for all the treatments, the total nitrogen inputs were the same. Grain yield, yield components, the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice straw and grain as well as the concentration of soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen and pH value in the top soil layer were measured. Our study revealed the following findings: Firstly, compared to mineral urea alone, combined application of both organic fertilizer of aquatic plant composting and mineral urea had a good potential to improve the grain yield of rice, and with the increase of organic fertilizer ratio, rice yield tended to increase first and then afterwards decrease. When the replacement of organic fertilizer was 40% and 60% of total nitrogen, the rice yield reached the highest point. Applying organic fertilizer alone had similar grain yield of rice as the treatment of applying urea alone. Secondly, the number of productive tillers was significantly reduced with sole organic fertilizer, while the phenomenon could be diminished or eliminated by combined application of compost and mineral urea. The parameters including the number of productive tillers, spikelets per panicle and percentage of filled grains were all relatively higher when the organic nitrogen substitutes were at the ratio of 40% and 60% of total nitrogen input. Thirdly, with the increase of organic fertilizer application, the nitrogen concentration in straw was decreased, while no pronounced effect was found for the nitrogen concentration in grain. Furthermore, no significant difference was found for the phosphorus uptake in grain or straw among all the treatments. The potassium uptake of straw was significantly improved with the addition of organic fertilizer, and meanwhile the potassium uptake of grain was significantly enhanced when the substitute rate of organic fertilizer was 80% of total nitrogen. Lastly, there was positively significant correlation between the soil total nitrogen, soil organic carbon and pH value, and the amount of organic fertilizer application. With the addition of organic fertilizer, the soil total nitrogen and soil organic carbon were significantly increased compared to that of 4 years ago. When the organic nitrogen was applied at 80% and 100% of total nitrogen, the soil pH value was also significantly higher than that of 4 years ago. In conclusion, the combined use of aquatic plant compost plus with mineral urea is beneficial to improve the grain yield of rice, enhance soil organic matter as well as decrease the soil acidification, which is a protective and environmental-friendly fertilization technology in Tai Lake region.更多还原