In order to eliminate the impact of dynamic effect of fuel film on the accuracy of controlling the transient air to fuel ratio(AFR)of a port fuel injection(PFI)gasoline engine to meet more stringent emissions requirements,a novel applicable fuel film compensation strategy as well as a fuel film model comprising of long-term and short-term fuel films is proposed to compensate fuel film variation rapidly and precisely under acceleration and deceleration conditions.The initial values of the long-term and short...