【摘要】 发展高比例的风能和太阳能光伏发电是生态文明和社会可持续发展的必然选择。然而,是在负荷中心地区广泛地发展分布式的风能和太阳能光伏发电系统(可称为"就地开发与消纳"模式),还是在远离负荷中心地区建设大规模的风电和光伏基地并将其电能"远距离外送"到负荷中心(可称为"大规模远距离输送"模式),会直接影响高比例可再生能源情景的顺利实现。基于最优化等数学方法的研究已经表明,在当前以燃煤火电为主要调节容量(现时如此)的情况下,只有采用就地开发与消纳模式电网才能实现集成高比例的风能和太阳能光伏发电的目标。为便于读者理解这一结论,首先简明地介绍了互联电力系统的基本特征,并将其与互联网的基本特征做了对比分析;进而从互联电力系统的规范出发,就不同开发与消纳模式下可再生能源电量比例、系统运行和可用调节容量3个方面做了定性分析和简明阐释;最后通过1个具体的仿真示例,展示了在就地开发与消纳模式的情况下,系统为集成高比例风能和太阳能光伏发电所需采用的有效措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Developing high penetration of wind and solar photovoltaic( PV) power generation is an inevitable choice to maintain ecological civilization and realize sustainable development of the society. On one hand,wind and solar PV power generation can be developed in areas near the load centers and consumed locally with extensive distributed wind and solar PV power generation systems,i. e.,the so-called"local development and consumption"mode. On the other hand,wind and solar PV power generation can also be developed in areas far away from the load centers with wind and solar PV bases and then the electricity generated there will be transmitted to the load centers by long distance transmission lines( e. g. by UHVDC lines),i. e.,the so-called"large-scale and long-distance transmission"mode. Nevertheless,howwind and solar PV power is developed and consumed will make a big difference to the smooth realization of high penetration renewable energy scene. The following conclusions have already been achieved in a study based on mathematical optimization approach that under the current situation that coal-fired thermal power units play the main role in peak load regulation,the only way to achieve high penetration of wind and solar PV power generation is with local development and consumption mode. To help readers understand the above conclusion better,firstly,in this paper,the basic features of interconnected power systems are introduced and compared with the basic features of the internet. Then,from the philosophy of interconnected power systems,a qualitative analysis and brief illustration are carried out to the two modes above in the following three perspectives:renewable energy electricity ratio,system operation and available regulation capacity. Finally,through a specific simulation case,the effective measures needed to help power system integrating high penetration of wind and solar PV power are displayed under the condition of taking the local development and consumption mode.更多还原