【摘要】 西部地区工业企业为西部地区经济增长、缓解就业压力做出了重大贡献,但是在供给侧改革的背景下,西部地区不同性质的工业企业发展存在一系列问题,从财务角度看主要包括:企业单位数量少,资产总额低,负债比例过高,盈利能力比较低,债务风险比较大,产业结构层次还比较低,工业企业转型升级压力大。针对上述问题,西部工业企业应抓住供给侧改革下的企业结构转型升级的机遇,坚持以市场为导向的原则开发资源性产业,加快利用技术创新改造传统企业的步伐,降低企业发展的债务风险,提升企业盈利能力,提高非国有企业在西部地区工业企业中的比重。更多还原

【Abstract】 In general,industrial enterprises in the western region of China are those leading industries and pillar industries for the economic development in the western regions; they are ones which play an important role for economic value added and the rural surplus labor force in each province. However,compared with the rest of the country,the industrial enterprises in the western region face the following problems:( i) The number of enterprises is small;( ii) The total number of assets is low;( iii) The ROA( Return on Assets) in most provinces is lower than the average of the country; and( iv) The profitability of the industrial enterprises is low. The provinces generally have a high asset-liability ratio, or even one in which it is too high. The high liabilities will not only increase interest costs in the process of production and operation costs,but also will increase the risk of debt pressure in the low profitability industrial enterprises.Based on the problems faced by the western region,this article proposes the following suggestions:1) Seize the opportunity for transformation,and upgraded the industrial structure in the supplyside reform. The core of supply-side reform is to complete five key tasks,including removing capacity, removing inventory, removing leverage, reducing costs. The core of these tasks is to deepen the adjustment of the industrial structural by transforming and upgrading from the past, one-sided pursuit of the rapid expansion of the economic growth model to the quality growth model of intensive development. The western region needs to fol-low the pace of development of the times,deepen enterprise reform, and realize the transformation and upgrading of industrial enterprises through technical updates or high-tech enterprises.2) Developing resource-based industries according to market-oriented principles. Under the planned economic system of the past,resources,raw materials,and primary products in the western area were taken as state-owned supplies, transferred to the outside, and then purchased back with high prices as manufactured products. This placed dual economic pressure on the western region which relies mainly on resources exploitation.Now under the market economic system,no matter what is the form of the system of ownership,the price of products should be fully decided by the market environment,no matter from which kind of ownership system the products come,so as to pursue economic benefits as much as possible.3) Accelerating the transformation of traditional industries through technological innovation. The traditional enterprises in the western region generally have no competitive advantages in the domestic and international markets. The only way is to transform the traditional industries through technological innovation. For the transformation and upgrading of industrial enterprises,the key is relying on technological innovation in order to promote the level of industry,reduce the product cost,improve the technology content and quality of the product,improve the level of products,improve the market competitiveness of products, and improve their participation rate in domestic and international market.4) Reducing the debt risk of industrial enterprises. Faced with the high debt management of industrial enterprises in western regions,industrial enterprises in the western regions should take various measures to resolve the debt risks in the context of supply-side reform to remove leverage. For those technical renovation projects that have the market and benefits which accord with the national industrial policy,loan discount support should be provided. Industrial investment funds should be cultivated and developed. Making full use of domestic and international capital markets to raise funds,accepting more investment through the stock market,giving priority to the western region in the distribution of convertible bond index,and reducing the debt burden of the industrial enterprises in western region,all should be promoted.5) Improving the proportion of non-stateowned enterprises in industrial enterprises in the western region, and support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. At present,the western region needs to reduce further the proportion of state-owned enterprises and state-holding enterprises,and increase the proportion of SMEs( small and medium-size enterprise) and private enterprises. Supporting policies in tax collection,environmental protection,technology update or reform,bank loan policy should be provided. To those enterprises with substandard environmental protection,it is not proper to take a simple and crude way to fine or even force them to close. Instead,a requirement for them to rectify within a certain time limit should be offered to these enterprises— this will not only form a complete policy system to promote the sustainable development of SMEs,realize the smooth transformation and upgrading of the industrial enterprises,moreover,but will also alleviate the need of rural surplus labor transfer,and promote the harmonious and stable development of the social economy.6) Improving the profitabilityof the enterprises. Industrial enterprises in the western region should be oriented by the market demand,always pay close attention to changes within the market,pursue high standards and high quality of produc-tion,adjust product structure in a timely manner,strengthen marketing,reduce the backlog of inventory,improve the return on assets,improve the profitability of industrial enterprises,strengthen the collection of what should be received after sales,reduce occupation of capital,and improve the profit quality of industrial enterprises in the process of production and operation.更多还原