【摘要】 土壤污染是导致生态环境质量下降、限制土壤生产力发挥,制约农业发展的瓶颈问题。为了修复被除草剂污染的土壤,试验通过深耕的方式开展被除草剂污染土壤的改土研究,采用自主研发的土层置换犁、心土耕作犁深耕改土并与常规耕作进行对比试验。结果表明,土层置换犁分层深耕方法可以消除土壤残留氯嘧磺隆对马铃薯敏感期生育的影响。改土后表层土壤的农药残留量较对照降低84.2%~86.7%;深耕及心土耕可以改善土壤物理性质,降低土壤硬度,改变土壤三相比;深耕处理后马铃薯出苗率较对照提高7.8~10.6个百分点,心土耕较对照提高3.1~6.1个百分点;深耕和心土耕可以提高马铃薯干物质积累量;深耕马铃薯总产量较对照、心土耕分别提高12.7%~22.1%、11.6%~16.9%,商品薯产量分别提高18.0%~32.5%、13.8%~23.0%,差异达到显著水平,深耕效果好于心土耕。应用土层置换犁深耕法可有效消除土壤中残留除草剂对马铃薯的药害,为促进农业种植结构调整提供技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil pollution is considered as the bottleneck issue that often causes quality degradation of ecological environments, restriction of soil productivity and agriculture development. In order to modify herbicide-contaminated soils, deep tillage was operated on the soils to eliminate the issue, which might significantly impacte the yield of sensitive after crops. Three treatments including self-developed soil-layer reverse plough, subsoil plough and conventional tillage were made to compare the effect. During potato sensitive period, deep tillage with the soil-layer reverse plough could eliminate the influence of residual herbicides, and its residual amount of herbicide on the surface soil was reduced by 84.2%-86.7% when compared with that of the conventional tillage. In both deep tillage treatments,soil physical properties were improved, soil hardness was decreased and soil three phases percentage were changed positively. Meanwhile, the potato emergence percentage of the soil-layer reverse plough treatment was 7.8-10.6percentage point higher than that of the conventional tillage, and the subsoil plough treatment was 3.1-6.1 percentage point higher than that of the conventional tillage. The dry matter weight of potato in both deep tillage treatments were increased, and the total potato yields of the soil-layer reverse plough were increased by 12.7%-22.1% and 11.6%-16.9%, respectively, compared with the conventional tillage and subsoil tillage. In addition, the marketable tuber yields were increased by 18.0%-32.5% and 13.8%-23.0%, respectively, the differences being highly significant. Among the deep tillage treatments, the effect produced by the soil-layer reverse plough was better than that of the subsoil plough.Therefore, through deep tillage, phytotoxicity of residual herbicide on potato can be effectively eliminated, and the technique by using deep tillage is helpful for the agricultural planting structure adjustment.更多还原