【摘要】 基于闽北生态公益林现状的社会实地调研和相关文献研究,阐述了生态公益林在所有制、经营和保护的基本现状,针对存在的主要问题,提出了增强全社会的保护意识、优化生态布局、明确赎买顺序、确定赎买方式、设立国家赎买基金、建立国家赎买制度、健全管护机制和逐步推进赎买工作等方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 ⑴ Background——Forestry ecology system is an essential natural resource. The aim of development for modern forestry industry is to continually provide ecological and economic products,and coordinate the development of ecological,spiritual and material civilization. This study would introduce the resolutions to advance redemption and protection on ecological public-welfare forests( EPWF) in terms of performing ecological and landscaping function of EPWF and securing livelihood of the workers and maintaining social stability.⑵ Methods——The EPWF in Fujian have 2 major problems: First one is the irrational overall geographical layout; Secondly,the unclear management policies lead to no profit for key EPWF proprietor contrasted with the high profit yielded by commercial forest. Therefore,base on the current situation of EPWF,methods review and field survey were applied for this paper.⑶ Results——Base on the equivalent exchange of forest assets and expected profits,local government use the state-owned commercial forests in exchange for the collectively-owned EPWF and the private EPWF. In the period of developing social economy,the governments at all levels raised certain funds to purchase the scattered EPWF. Through levying ecological compensation,implementing carbon sinks trading compensation mechanism,issuing ecological fund lottery and accepting social donation,the governments established state redemption fund.Base on the results of the methods of resetting cost,forest assets and others,governments set scientific and reasonable redemption price for the EPWF. To purchase the scattered EPWF,the government needs to establish a long-acting redemption mechanism based on rational redemption sequence which made according to the importance of land. Collectively-owned and private EPWF purchased are handed over to state-owned forest management authorities to scale up the areas of state-owned EPWF. To deal with the management of state-owned forest,secure the livelihood of the workers,maintain long-term stability and promote the reform of the state-owned forest,the state-owned forest management authorities are paid by the government. Protection of the ecological forest requires the support and attendance of whole society. Thus,it is essential to enhance peoples’ enthusiasm and consciousness on protection of ecology. For adjusting the division of the forest,the unimportant ecological land was eliminated from the EPWF,the eco-fragile forest land and the forest with special purpose brought into the EPWF. Besides,state authorities need to set scientific strategies for forest management,carry out EPWF recovering program,etc. Further more,in order to gradually better the ecological and landscaping function of EPWF,government should carry out the measures like as the closed forest project,promoting the management pattern of near-natural modification,etc. The redeemed of commercial forest and ecological forest should belong to state-owned management and need to be operated under the same pattern of ecological forest. The division between the state-owned and non state-owned forest should be marked clearly. While the illegal activities such as destroying,forcibly occupying the forest and cutting the trees stealthily should be punished severely by means of the law to enhance the protection of EPWF and fully increase ecological effects and social benefits of EPWF.⑷ Conclusions and Discussion——State and local governments nationalize EPWF by the ways of forest property replacement and direct purchase,then put EPWF under the management of state-owned forest authorities. Through optimizing ecological layout and better the mechanism of protection and management in EPWF to alleviate contradiction between ecology construction and economy development.更多还原