【摘要】 固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)是一种全固态的电化学能量转换装置,它的能量转换效率高达70%,且其尾气中的有毒成分含量极低,是未来化石燃料发电技术的理想选择之一。SOFC具有较宽的工作温度范围,通常在450~1000℃。高温下(800~1000℃)尽管SOFC在燃料选择方面具有更高的灵活性,但是材料性能衰减的加快、运营成本的提高,以及系统的开关速度变慢等一系列缺点也愈加明显。因而,SOFC主要朝着低温化的趋势发展。降低SOFC工作温度最有效的方法是提高固体电解质的电导率,以尽量减少电池的欧姆阻抗。本文综述了萤石型、钙钛矿型和复合型3类固体电解质材料国内外的研究进展,同时展望了未来中低温SOFC电解质材料的研究方向。钙钛矿型电解质材料在中低温下具有较高的纯离子电导率,且具备丰富的改性空间,有望成为将来中低温SOFC电解质材料的首选。更多还原

【Abstract】 The solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC), a kind of all solid state electrochemical energy conversion device with high energy conversion efficiency(up to 70%) and less environmental pollution, is one of the ideal choice for the fossil fuel power generation technology in the future. The SOFC has a wide operating temperature range of about 450~1000℃. At high temperatures(800~1000℃), the fuel selection is more flexible, but with a series of problems, such as the more serious material performance attenuation, the higher system cost and the slower switching speed. Thus, reducing the operating temperature of the SOFC becomes an important research target at present. One of the major challenges in reducing the operating temperature of the SOFC is the development of solid electrolyte materials which can provide a sufficient conductivity to make the ohmic loss of the system acceptable during the operation process. In this paper, the research progress of the solid electrolyte materials development for the SOFC is reviewed, including the fluorite type, the perovskite type and the compound type. And the future research directions of the solid electrolyte materials towards medium or low temperature solid oxide fuel cells are discussed. The perovskite type electrolyte material is expected to become the first choice for medium and low temperature SOFC electrolyte materials in future, due to its high ionic conductivity and abundant modified space.更多还原