【摘要】 目的了解火箭军部队的膳食营养状况,为制定合理的膳食结构和新的食物定量标准提供科学依据。方法选择火箭军某部165名官兵为调查对象,对该部伙食单位采用称量法进行连续4 d膳食调查,依据GJB 823B-2016《军人营养素供给量》和GJB 826B-2010《军人食物定量》进行膳食营养评价;采用生活观察法,计算代表性军人每日的能量消耗,确定劳动强度等级;通过问卷调查了解常见营养缺乏症状。结果(1)调研单位官兵平均每人每日的能量消耗量为3100 kcal(12.9 MJ),属于中度体力劳动强度。(2)粮食、禽肉、鱼虾类、牛奶、蔗糖、蔬菜、水果、食用菌(干)的摄入不足;植物油、禽蛋、畜肉及干菜类的摄入量偏高,植物油摄入量为军标的220.2%。(3)碳水化合物热比(42.3%)略低于军标,而蛋白质热比(17.4%)和脂肪热比(40.3%)超过军标的规定。(4)膳食脂肪主要来源于植物性食物,其占总能量的62.1%;蛋白质主要来源于动物性食物;摄入的动物性蛋白质和大豆蛋白质之和占摄入蛋白质总量的65.9%,超过军标的要求。(5)BMI≥24 kg/m~2者占受调查人数的25.0%。(6)每人每日的能量摄入量达标;蛋白质、钠及磷的摄入超标,而维生素A、锌的摄入不足。(7)眼睛发干、牙龈出血、口腔溃疡、肌肉无力、指甲起脊有斑、夜视能力差等营养缺乏症状的发生率较高。结论火箭军某部官兵目前能量和大多数营养素的摄入基本达到军标要求,但维生素A、锌的摄入不足,蛋白质、钠和油脂的摄入偏高。建议调整优化膳食结构,达到膳食营养平衡。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the diet and nutrition status of the Rocket Force,and to provide reference for revising the current Military Food Ration Standard(GJB 826 B-2010).Methods A total of 165 soldiers were selected from a unit of the Rocket Force as the subjects.The food supply was surveyed using weighing method.Diet and nutrition status were assessed according to the Nutrient Supply Standards for Military Personnel(GJB 823 B-2016) and Food Ration Standards for Military Personnel GJB826B-2010.Energy consumption was calculated with life observation method,while common nutritional deficiency symptoms were evaluated by a questionnaire survey.Results(1) The daily energy expenditure of officers was 12.9 MJ,about 3100 Kcal,which was of moderate labor intensity.(2) The survey showed that the intake of cereal,meat,fish and shrimp,milk,sugar,vegetables,fruits,edible fungi(dry) was below the military standard,while the intake of vegetable oil,poultry,meat and dried vegetables was above the military standard.For example,the consumption of vegetable oil was 220.2% of the standard.(3) The carbohydrate ratio(42.3%) was slightly lower than the military standard,while the protein ratio(17.4%)and fat ratio(40.3%) were above the standard.(4) The main sources of dietary fat were plant foods that accounted for 62.1% of total energy,the main sources of protein were animal foods,and animal protein and soy protein intake accounted for 65.9% of the total protein and exceeded the military standard.(5) A total of 25.0% of the respondents were overweight and obese(BMI≥24 kg/m~2).(6) The energy intake was standard,the daily intake of protein,sodium and phosphorus was exceessive,and the intake of vitamin A and zinc was insufficiant.(7) The incidence of deficiency symptoms,such as dry eyes,bleeding gums,mouth ulcers,muscle weakness,nail ridge with spots,and poor night vision,was high.Conclusion The average daily intake of energy and most nutrients is sufficient,but the intake of vitamin A and zinc is not,and the instake of protein,sodium and oil is high.It is recommended that the dietary structure should be adjusted and optimized so as to achieve nutritional balance.更多还原