【摘要】 教育对经济增长产生影响的重要途径之一是教育促进了生产技术的进步。以往的研究通常把技术进步看作是教育水平提高的结果,而忽略了技术本身具有的特征,即,技术是由企业外生选定的,而在选定技术条件下企业需要有接受过相应教育的劳动者与之相匹配。本文以此为出发点构建了包含企业外生技术、劳动者个人选择和社会教育水平三个因素的市场均衡模型,来研究教育投入与产出的关系。结论是人均产出的边际增长率随着外生技术水平的提高而增加,但是随着教育水平的提高先增加后减少,该结论为教育经济学中的"K-L之谜"做出了解答。最后本文采取宏观和微观数据进行了实证分析,计算出教育投入增长的最优路径,并建议政府应鼓励国家层面的创新。更多还原

【Abstract】 One of the important ways of education to affect economic growth is that education can promote technological progress. Past researches always regarded technological progress as the consequence of the improving education level, ignoring the feature of technology. That is to say, technological level is chosen exogenously by enterprise where enough trained workers are required. Based on this idea, we established a market equilibrium model including such three elements as enterprises’ technology, labors’ private choice and social educational level, to study the correlation between education and product. We concluded that the marginal growth rate per capita increases with the rising exogenous technological level. And this helps to explain the"K-L Puzzle"when the educational level firstly increases and then decreases. Finally, using macro and micro data for empirical analysis, we calculated the optimal path for investment in education and suggested that government should encourage innovation at national level and strive to develop vocational education.更多还原