【摘要】 燃料电池船舶运载着大量氢气作为燃料,在给船舶带来动力的同时,也因其易泄漏、爆炸等特性对船舶安全带来了威胁。针对船舶燃料电池舱内发生氢气泄漏的情景,选取目标船舶建立其燃料电池舱三维几何模型,并基于理想气体模型和氢气泄漏参数,计算出氢气从管道的泄漏值。再基于流体计算软件Fluent,选取适合的气体扩散模型,通过边界条件的设置,开展对舱门开闭和通风口状态的联合通风条件下氢气在舱内的扩散过程的瞬态数值仿真实验,并对不同条件下的舱内氢气浓度分布和发展规律进行了对比分析。仿真结果表明,在舱室上方的4个角落处,氢气的聚积浓度更高,是氢气探测器安装的最佳位置;在通风口保持自然通风的条件下,打开舱门可以使氢气的最终浓度降低20%左右;在单个通风口采用强制通风的通风量达到6 m3/s时,燃料电池舱内的氢气向其他舱室的扩散浓度可以维持在4%的安全浓度以下,且整个舱室的氢气浓度都可以保持在一个较低的水平,而继续增大通风量对氢气浓度的降低效果并不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 A fuel cell ship carries a large amount of hydrogen as fuel,which brings threat to safety of the ship owing to characteristics of hydrogen as easy to leak or explode.A 3 Dgeometric model of fuel cell cabin from a target ship is established to develop a scenario of hydrogen leakage happening in the cabin.On the basis of this model,the leakage rate of hydrogen from pipeline is computed by defining an ideal gas model and leakage parameters.Afterwards,transient leakage and diffusion processes of hydrogen in the fuel cell cabin are simulated by fluid computation software Fluent and gas diffusion equations.Finally,distribution law of hydrogen concentration and dispersion trends are compared under different ventilation conditions of open/close doors and air vents.The simulation results show that the hydrogen concentration is higher in the top four corners of the cabin,which are the optimal places for hydrogen detection.Moreover,keep doors open can reduce the final concentration of hydrogen by about 20% under the condition of natural ventilation.When ventilation rate of single vent is 6 m3/s,the dispersion mole fraction to other cabins can be kept under a safety level of 4%,while concentration of hydrogen in the cabin can be kept at a low level.Continually increase the ventilation rate has less effectiveness to lower concentration of hydrogen.更多还原