【摘要】 本文集中讨论进入新世纪以来特别是我国社会经济发展进入新常态以来,国民收入宏观分配结构的演变及其特点,一方面考察所有制变化及经济机制改革的深入,对国民收入分配与再分配产生的深刻影响;另一方面考察宏观分配结构变化对微观居民收入分配产生的影响。通过这种宏观分配格局变化的考察,阐释国民收入分配中的结构性矛盾及其对经济发展和运行产生的影响,为深化供给侧结构性改革提供收入分配方面的理论分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 The macro-distribution structure of national income in China has changed significantly since the ownership system reform at the end of the last century. Between 2004 and 2013,China held three large-scale national economic censuses. Data analyses show how the national distribution structures of different institutional sectors changed and how these changes influenced micro-and household income distributions during this period.A new basic socialist economic system and various coexisting ownership components have been developed and public ownership has been established as the main body since the ownership reform. As the socialist market’s economic system has gradually replaced the traditional planned economy,China’s income distribution depends on not only labor,but also other production elements such as capital,land,technology,property and management. Therefore,the distribution and redistribution of national income has changed significantly and become more complicated. Furthermore,the relationships between the non-financial enterprise sector,the general government sector,financial institutions and households have changed in terms of not only content,but also structures.The new distribution system has stimulated productivity and encouraged China’s economic growth and development. It has also imbalanced the national distribution,which will probably affect long-term supply-demand balance and economic development.This thesis analyzes the structural changes,trends and characteristics of national income distribution after the new century using data from three national economic censuses. It makes some important observations and conclusions. From 2004 to 2013,the proportion of income and outlay of property of the gross national income increased from approximately 10% to approximately 18%,the proportion of employee compensation in non-state-owned sectors increased to above 85% and government income from land rent increased significantly,meaning that the contents and structures of national income in China changed significantly. In the field of national income redistribution,the proportions of disposable income in the nonfinancial enterprise sector and national disposable income in the general government sector decreased,but increased in the financial and household sectors. Investment in the non-financial enterprise sector maintained a high growth rate,which relied on the high saving rate of the household sector. The capital formation of the non-financial enterprise sector,especially state-owned enterprises,relied highly on the saving of the household sector. The financial institution sector was the bridge between them. The high saving rate promoted economic growth. Long-term potential financial risk gradually increased. The gaps in disposable income in the household sector increased and then decreased. The turning point occurred in 2008. Census data show that household income gaps in China between urban and rural areas,different regions or different industries are related. A lower income per capita in a region means that it has a higher proportion of rural people or of agricultural employment,a lower level of industrial structure development and a higher Gini coefficient. Low income per capita in a primary industry,which is mainly agriculture in China,is the main factor influencing income distribution in the household sector today. This induces negative impacts from the supply side to curb aggregate demand. It is important to promote urbanization to improve the transfer of the labor force from the agricultural to non-agricultural industries,especially to nonstate-owned enterprises with a better capacity to absorb employment. The reform of state-owned enterprises should be deepened to strengthen their competitive power,and the gap in income per capita levels between state-owned enterprises and other enterprises should be reduced. As the proportions of both high-and low-income groups decrease,the proportion of those in the middle-income group will increase,thereby improving aggregate demand and its structure. Therefore,it is reasonable to improve macro-and micro-income distributions from the supply side to efficiently and properly increase demand.更多还原