【摘要】 冲击波广泛存在于各种复杂系统中,对冲击波的研究,包括冲击雨贡纽和冲击波面动力学过程,在基础研究和工程应用上都具有重要意义.由于在强冲击载荷作用下,材料通常表现出流体的状态,因此本文主要关注流体中强冲击波的行为.本评述回顾了冲击波研究方法的发展过程并总结了各类研究方法的适用范围和特性,其中着重介绍了近期发展起来的电子力场方法.对比和展示了各类方法获得的冲击波面微观结构、非平衡效应、动力学过程以及冲击雨贡纽等研究结果,能够为复杂系统中冲击波的物理建模提供参考.更多还原

【Abstract】 Shock wave appears widely in various complex systems and plays an important role in the fundamental research and engineering applications.Much effort has been devoted to getting insight into the microscopic structure and dynamic features on the shock front and obtaining the shock hugoniot of materials.The scope of this review would be limited to strong shock waves in fluid,considering that materials behave as fluid under strong impact loading.The development of methods used to study shock waves has been reviewed and the applicable conditions and features of these method has been summarized.The microscopic structures,non-equilibrium effects and dynamic processes on the shock front have been discussed,which have reference value for the modeling of shock wave in complex system.更多还原