【摘要】 作为战略性资源,天然石墨具有热膨胀系数小(1×10^-63 0×10^-6K)、导热系数大(1 2 9 W m^-1K^-1)、耐高温、良导电性(电阻率8×10^-61 3×10^-6Ωm)、超高润滑性（摩擦系数0.0 8⁰.1 6）、可塑性、高的化学稳定性以及优良抗热震性等特性,是一类重要的矿物材料.其广泛应用于机械、冶金、石油化工、轻工、电子、电器、国防、军工、航天等国民经济各个领域,被誉为"万能"非金属材料之一.我国是石墨矿产资源大国,本文基于我国近年来在石墨矿产资源勘探、矿山加工工艺、生产消费及对外贸易等领域的数据,给出了天然石墨的综合利用现状分析,围绕石墨矿精纯、石墨制品深加工、石墨在国民经济及新兴产业等领域的应用展开讨论,内容涉及膨胀石墨、氟化石墨与石墨烯三类最重要的石墨制品.重点分析了我国进口石墨制品的生成加工、技术革新及与发达国家之差距等问题,系统介绍了石墨资源的综合利用进展.最后,基于石墨制品及无机非金属学科化发展趋势,给出石墨科学的未来发展方向.更多还原

【Abstract】 As a type of inorganic non-metallic resources,the natural graphite has a small thermal expansion coefficient(1×10^-6-30×10^-6 K),a high coefficient of thermal conductivity(129 W m^-1 K^-1),high temperature resistances,excellent electrical conductivity(resistivity8×10^-6-13×10^-6 Ωm),brilliant lubricity with a friction coefficient of 0.08-0.16,plastic feature,good chemical stability,excellent thermal shock resistance and other properties,which makes it well-known as one of the "universal" mineral materials.Graphite has been widely used in the machinery,metallurgy,petrochemicals,light industry,electronics,electrical appliances,military defenses,aerospace and other economic fields.China is one of the countries that have the largest resources of natural graphite in the world.Based on data of the graphite mineral resources,production/consumption,and the international trade of China during the past several years,this paper gives an overview of the development of graphite mining,technologies in purifying raw ores,comprehensive utilization of graphite,applications and the technological innovations of graphite-base materials.The most important three types of graphite products including the expanded graphite,the fluorinated graphite,and graphene（2D graphite） are particularly reviewed.The production process based imported graphite products,technological innovation and the gap between China and developed countries are analyzed,and the development of the comprehensive utilization of graphite resources is introduced.Finally,the future direction of the graphite science was proposed according to the disciplinary development in the non-metallic mineral materials.更多还原