【摘要】 类器官3D培养是一种新兴的用来研究组织成体干细胞生长、分化、器官形成的体外研究系统.目前,肠道类器官的3D培养是将分离的肠道隐窝或干细胞植入含有多种生长因子的基质胶中,在基质3D支撑下生成具有肠道上皮样结构的微型空心球体,这些球体被称为肠道类器官.该类器官包含有所有种类的肠道功能上皮细胞,能最大程度模拟肠道组织,故也称之为"迷你肠".结直肠肿瘤细胞也可以利用该3D体系培养得到肿瘤类器官.这些肠道类器官可被广泛应用于炎症性肠病、肠道损伤再生、肠癌等多种肠道疾病的研究.本综述讨论了关于肠道干细胞的最新研究进展,正常类器官和肿瘤类器官的培养,同时还将探讨类器官在疾病建模和组织再生、基因修复、肿瘤个性化治疗等精准医学方面的应用.更多还原

【Abstract】 The three-dimensional organoid culture system has been widely used for studying adult stem cell self-renewal,differentiation and organ development.Recently,intestinal stem cells and crypts can be cultured and grow into crypt-villus organoid structures in matrigel supplemented with defined growth factors.These 3D multicellular intestinal organoids called "mini-gut" can recapitulate the key physiological features of an intestine:the crypt and villus domains,a functional lumen and all of the major cell types present in the adult intestinal epithelium.The 3D intestinal organoid culture system has also been successfully applied to human colorectal cancers(CRCs),and the majority of the CRCs successfully grow into CRC organoid.These organoids can be widely used to study many kinds of human intestinal diseases,including inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),intestine regeneration and CRCs.Therefore,here we discussed the latest research of intestinal stem cells,organoid culture and tumor organoids.We also highlighted practical applications of organoids in various aspects,ranging from modeling human diseases to precision medicine such as tissue regeneration,gene therapy and personalized medicine.更多还原