【摘要】 根据2006~2007年1周年江苏近海单拖渔业资源调查资料,分析了鱼类群落和多样性的季节变化情况。结果表明,共调查鱼类100种,四季共有种30种。暖温性种类占64%,暖水性种类占21%,冷温性种类占15%,仅星康吉鳗(Conger myriaster)为四季均出现的冷温性种。夏季因沙海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)暴发导致个别站位渔获量为0,因此H’、J和D值均为0。以生物量计算的多样性指数(H’)呈秋季>冬季>春季>夏季的特征;均匀度指数(J)秋季>春季>冬季>夏季;丰富度指数(D)冬季>秋季>春季>夏季,夏季各项指数均为最低。春季尖海龙(Syngnathus acus)为绝对优势种,IRI值为8 029,赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssa kammalensis)和鮸(Miichthys miiuy)列2、3位,IRI值分别为2 436、1 182;夏季小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)为绝对优势种,IRI值为6 725,其次为银鲳(Pampus argenteus)和鮸,IRI值分别为1 781、1 408;秋季优势种为棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)、黄鲫(Setipinna taty)、鮸,IRI值分别为1 761、1 528、1 403;冬季优势种为赤鼻棱鳀、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)、凤鲚(Coilia mystus),IRI值分别为2 274、2 195、1 108。鮸已成为江苏近海主要优势种之一,应引起密切关注。夏季江苏近海小黄鱼和银鲳主要以幼体居多,分布广泛,幼体在索饵阶段主要分布在吕四渔场禁渔区线附近。更多还原

【Abstract】 The seasonal variation of fish communities and species diversity was analyzed according to the data of bottom trawl fishery resources survey in 2006-2007 in the offshore waters of Jiangsu province. The results showed that a total of 100 fish species were present and only 30 species in all four seasons. Warm-temperate species accounted for 64%,warm-water species accounted for 21%,cold-temperate spcies accounted for15%,Conger myriaster was a cold-temperate species that appeared in all seasons. In the summer,the number of catch at some individual stations was zero due to the jellyfish outbreak,so the values of H’,J and D were all zero. The biodiversity index of biomass showed a strong seasonal fluctuation by the order of autumn> winter > spring > summer,the evenness index by autumn > spring > winter > summer,the richness index by winter > autumn > spring > summer,with the least values of the above indices in summer. Species composition showed seasonal variations. In spring,Syngnathus acus was the dominant species( IRI = 8029),followed by Thryssa kammalensis( IRI = 2 436) and Miichthys miiuy( IRI = 1 182); in summer Larimichthys polyactis dominated( IRI = 6 725),followed by Pampus argenteus( IRI = 1 781) and Miichthys miiuy( IRI = 1 408); dominant species in autumn were Collichthys lucidus( IRI = 1 761),Setipinna taty( IRI = 1 528) and Miichthys miiuy( IRI = 1 403),whereas Thryssa kammalensi( IRI = 2 274),Chaeturichthys stigmatias( IRI = 2 195) and Coilia mystus( IRI = 1 108) dominated in winter. Miichthys miiuy has become one of main dominant species in the offshore waters of Jiangsu,to which we shoud pay close attention. Larimichthys polyactis and Pampus argenteus in summer were both characterized by small size individuals,which were distributed in adjacent areas of the bottom-trawl fishing forbidden zone line in Lvsi fishing ground.更多还原